Proteogenomic anlalysis of glioblastoma (GBM)

To examine patterns associated with survival, we assembled a cohort of GBM patients whose survival ranges from less than 3 months and up to 10 years, most of which are not bearing isocitrate-dehyderogenase (IDH)-1 mutation and did not undergo prior treatment. We integrated high-resolution mass-spectrometry proteomics and RNA sequencing to examine the yet unresolved proteomic contribution to poor patient outcome, and compared it to the more established transcriptomic contribution and to published single-cell data. Discovering both layer-specific and shared processes, we found that long and short survival are distinguished by immune, metabolic and developmental processes. Additionally, we observed a significant discrepancy in tumor classification between expression layers. Overall, our integrative findings establish proteomic heterogeneity in GBM as a gateway to explaining poor survival. mRNA profiles of clinical tumor samples from 68 GBM patients were generated by deep sequencing, using Illumina HiSeq2500.