Inundation Maps Induced by Dam Failures - I-GUIDE Aging Dam Project

This data repository is connected with a manuscript entitled "Socioeconomic characteristics of at-risk populations impacted by the aging dam infrastructure in the USA - Who is facing the risk of potential dam failures? "

Abstract of the manuscript:
The dam infrastructure in the conterminous United States (CONUS) has exceeded its designed service lives to a large extent, posing an increased risk of failures that can cause catastrophic disasters with substantial economic and human losses. However, limited attention has been paid to the characteristics of at-risk populations, hindering adequate understanding and preparedness for emergency planning. Our study proposes a framework employing spatial metrics to discover where and whether socially vulnerable populations are more exposed to flood inundation risks induced by dam failures. By applying the framework to 345 dams in the CONUS, we found that characteristics of at-risk populations vary extensively across space. To better understand this spatial variability, we categorized the dams into five clusters based on at-risk population characteristics. We find that of the dams analyzed, those in California, New England, and the Upper Mississippi basin, pose particularly high consequential risks for socially vulnerable populations.

The naming convention of inundation maps:
Syntax: [Water Level]_[Breach Condition]_[NID Dam ID]
* Water Level:
- MH: Maximum Height
- TAS: Top of Active Storage
- NH: Normal Height

* Breach Condition:
- F: Fail
- S: Stable

For example, 'MH_F_CA10022' indicates inundation maps induced by the failure of the dam (CA10022) under the Maximum Height (MH) and Breach (F) scenario. The original data is available at the National Inventory of Dams (https://nid.sec.usace.army.mil/viewer/index.html).

本数据仓库与一篇题为《美国老化水坝基础设施受影响的风险群体社会经济特征——谁将面临潜在水坝坍塌的风险？》的论文相连接。

论文摘要：美国大陆水坝基础设施的设计服务寿命已大幅超过，导致其发生故障的风险增加，可能引发造成巨大经济损失和人员伤亡的灾难性事件。然而，对受风险群体特征的关注有限，这阻碍了对应急规划的理解和准备。本研究提出了一种框架，采用空间指标来揭示社会脆弱群体是否以及在哪里更容易受到水坝故障引发的水灾淹没风险的威胁。通过将该框架应用于美国大陆的345座水坝，我们发现受风险群体的特征在空间上存在广泛差异。为了更好地理解这种空间变异性，我们将水坝根据受风险群体的特征分为五个集群。我们发现，在加利福尼亚州、新英格兰和密西西比上游盆地的水坝，对受社会脆弱群体构成特别高的后果风险。

洪水淹没地图的命名规范：
语法：[水位]_[溃坝条件]_[NID 水坝编号]
* 水位：
- MH：最大高度
- TAS：活动储水顶部
- NH：正常高度
* 溃坝条件：
- F：失败
- S：稳定
例如，'MH_F_CA10022'表示在最大高度（MH）和溃坝（F）情景下，由水坝（CA10022）故障引发的洪水淹没地图。原始数据可在国家水坝清单（https://nid.sec.usace.army.mil/viewer/index.html）中获取。