The effects of habitat change on patterns of productivity for A) Net ecosystem production (NEP), B) gross primary production (GPP), C) ecosystem respiration (Re), and D the Range between GPP and Re (i.e. Range) estimated for reach island.

“Change” reflects absolute differences in each metric (measured as mg O2 m-2 day-1) as the habitat transitions from Kelp forests to Transition Habitats, Transition Habitats to Urchin Barrens, Kelp Forests to Urchin Barrens (i.e. the total change due to deforestation). Positive values denote greater values for that metric and negative values denote lower values for that metric. NA denotes comparison “not available” due to loss of replicates in one habitat that precluded reliable estimates of the change (see Table 1). At the bottom of each table are the average values and standard errors.