Niskin bottle water samples and associated CTD measurements from the Hawaii Ocean Time-Series cruises from 1988-2023

<p>Water samples for a variety of chemical and biological measurements are routinely collected from the surface to within 10 meters&nbsp;of the seafloor. To the extent possible, we collect samples for complementary biogeochemical measurements from the same or from contiguous casts to minimize aliasing caused by time-dependent changes in the density field. This approach is especially important for samples collected in the upper 350 m of the water column.&nbsp;</p>

<p dir=\"ltr\">Furthermore, we attempt to sample from common depths and specific density horizons each month to facilitate comparisons between cruises. Water samples for salinity determinations are collected from every water bottle to identify sampling errors. Approximately 20% of the water samples are collected and analyzed in duplicate or triplicate to assess and track our precision in sample analyses.</p>

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