Enterprise Survey 2010 - Antigua and Barbuda

Abstract
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This research is an Indicator Survey conducted in Antigua and Barbuda between June and October 2011 as part of the Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) Enterprise Survey 2010, an initiative of the World Bank. An Indicator Survey, which is similar to an Enterprise Survey, is implemented for smaller economies where the sampling strategies inherent in an Enterprise Survey are often not applicable due to the limited universe of firms.

In Antigua and Barbuda, data from 151 establishments was analyzed. Stratified random sampling was used to select the surveyed businesses.

The objective of the survey is to obtain feedback from enterprises on the state of the private sector as well as to help in building a panel of enterprise data that will make it possible to track changes in the business environment over time, thus allowing, for example, impact assessments of reforms. Through face-to-face interviews with firms in the manufacturing and services sectors, the survey assesses the constraints to private sector growth and creates statistically significant business environment indicators that are comparable across countries.

Questionnaire topics include firm characteristics, gender participation, access to finance, annual sales, costs of inputs/labor, workforce composition, bribery, licensing, infrastructure, trade, crime, competition, land and permits, taxation, informality, business-government relations, innovation and technology, and performance measures.

Geographic coverage
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National

Analysis unit
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The primary sampling unit of the study is an establishment. An establishment is a physical location where business is carried out and where industrial operations take place or services are provided. A firm may be composed of one or more establishments. For example, a brewery may have several bottling plants and several establishments for distribution. For the purposes of this survey an establishment must make its own financial decisions and have its own financial statements separate from those of the firm. An establishment must also have its own management and control over its payroll.

Universe
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The whole population, or the universe, covered in the Enterprise Surveys is the non-agricultural economy. It comprises: all manufacturing sectors according to the ISIC Revision 3.1 group classification (group D), construction sector (group F), services sector (groups G and H), and transport, storage, and communications sector (group I). Note that this population definition excludes the following sectors: financial intermediation (group J), real estate and renting activities (group K, except sub-sector 72, IT, which was added to the population under study), and all public or utilities sectors.

Kind of data
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Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure
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The study was conducted using stratified random sampling. Three levels of stratification were used in the sample: firm sector, firm size, and geographic region.

Industry stratification for the Indicator Surveys is designed to obtain 75 interviews in manufacturing and 75 interviews in service sectors. Frequently, due to the size of the manufacturing sector, less than the full 75 interviews are achieved.

Size stratification was defined following the standardized definition for the Enterprise Surveys: small (5 to 19 employees), medium (20 to 99 employees), and large (more than 99 employees). For stratification purposes, the number of employees was defined on the basis of reported permanent full-time workers. This seems to be an appropriate definition of the labor force since seasonal/casual/part-time employment is not a common practice, except in the sectors of construction and agriculture.

In Antigua and Barbuda, due to the size of the sample target, the entire country was treated as one geographical location.

The sample frame for Antigua and Barbuda was produced from the following collection of sources: TradeBoss.com, GMDU.net, Manta.com, the Antigua and Barbuda Hotel guide, the Business Directory of Antigua and Barbuda, The Antigua and Barbuda Web Directory, Antigua and Barbuda Accommodations, the Antigua and Barbuda Yellow Pages, CaribSeek.com, AntiguaNice, and the Caribbean Yellow pages.

The sample frame was then used for the selection of a sample with the aim of obtaining interviews with 150 establishments with five or more employees.

The quality of the frame was assessed at the outset of the project through visits to a random subset of firms and local contractor knowledge. The sample frame was not immune from the typical problems found in establishment surveys: positive rates of non-eligibility, repetition, non-existent units, etc. In addition, the sample frame contains no telephone/fax numbers so the local contractor had to screen the contacts by visiting them. Due to response rate and ineligibility issues, additional sample had to be extracted by the World Bank in order to obtain enough eligible contacts and meet the sample targets.

Given the impact that non-eligible units included in the sample universe may have on the results, adjustments may be needed when computing the appropriate weights for individual observations. The percentage of confirmed non-eligible units as a proportion of the total number of sampled establishments contacted for the survey was 9.1% (28 out of 309).

Mode of data collection
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Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument
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The current survey instruments are available:
- Services Questionnaire;
- Manufacturing Questionnaire;
- Screener Questionnaire.

The Services Questionnaire is administered to the establishments in the services sector. The Manufacturing Questionnaire is built upon the Services Questionnaire and adds specific questions relevant to manufacturing.

The survey topics include firm characteristics, gender participation, access to finance, annual sales, costs of inputs/labor, workforce composition, bribery, licensing, infrastructure, trade, crime, competition, capacity utilization, land and permits, taxation, informality, business-government relations, innovation and technology, and performance measures. Over 90% of the questions objectively ascertain characteristics of a country's business environment. The remaining questions assess the survey respondents' opinions on what are the obstacles to firm growth and performance.

Cleaning operations
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Data entry and quality controls are implemented by the contractor and data is delivered to the World Bank in batches (typically 10%, 50% and 100%). These data deliveries are checked for logical consistency, out of range values, skip patterns, and duplicate entries. Problems are flagged by the World Bank and corrected by the implementing contractor through data checks, callbacks, and revisiting establishments.

Response rate
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The number of realized interviews per contacted establishments was 0.49. The estimate is based on the total number of firms contacted including ineligible establishments. This number is the result of two factors: explicit refusals to participate in the survey, as reflected by the rate of rejection (which includes rejections of the screener and the main survey) and the quality of the sample frame, as represented by the presence of ineligible units. The number of rejections per contact was 0.28.

Complete information regarding the sampling methodology, sample frame, weights, response rates, and implementation can be found in "Description of Antigua and Barbuda ES 2010 Implementation" in external resources.

摘要
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本研究是一项指标调查，于2011年6月至10月在安提瓜和巴布达进行，作为世界银行发起的2010年拉丁美洲和加勒比海（LAC）企业调查的一部分。指标调查与企业调查类似，但由于企业样本空间有限，通常不适用于小经济体。
在安提瓜和巴布达，对151家机构的资料进行了分析。采用了分层随机抽样方法来选择调查的企业。
调查的目的是从企业获取关于私营部门的现状反馈，并有助于构建企业数据面板，以便能够跟踪随着时间的推移商业环境的变化，从而允许进行例如改革影响的评估。通过面对面的访谈，调查评估了私营部门增长的制约因素，并创建了具有统计意义的、可以在各国之间进行比较的商业环境指标。
问卷主题包括企业特征、性别参与、融资渠道、年销售额、投入/劳动力成本、劳动力构成、贿赂、许可、基础设施、贸易、犯罪、竞争、土地和许可、税收、非正规性、商业-政府关系、创新和技术以及绩效指标。
地理覆盖范围
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全国
分析单元
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研究的主要抽样单元为机构。机构是指从事商业活动并开展工业运营或提供服务的地方。一家公司可能由一个或多个机构组成。例如，一家酿酒厂可能有几个灌装厂和几个分销机构。在本调查中，机构必须能够独立做出财务决策，并拥有与公司财务报表分开的独立财务报表。机构还必须拥有自己的管理和对其工资单的控制。
总体
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企业调查涵盖的总体，即整个群体，是非农业经济。它包括：根据ISIC修订版3.1分组分类的所有制造业部门（组D）、建筑业部门（组F）、服务业部门（组G和H）以及运输、仓储和通信部门（组I）。请注意，此人口定义不包括以下部门：金融中介（组J）、房地产和租赁活动（组K，除子部门72，IT，该子部门已被纳入研究总体），以及所有公共或公用事业部门。
数据类型
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样本调查数据 [ssd]
抽样程序
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本研究采用了分层随机抽样方法。在样本中使用了三个分层级别：企业部门、企业规模和地理区域。
指标调查的行业分层旨在在制造业和服务业各获得75次访谈。由于制造业规模较大，通常无法实现完整的75次访谈。
规模分层根据企业调查的标准定义进行：小型（5至19名员工）、中型（20至99名员工）和大型（超过99名员工）。为了分层的目的，员工人数是根据报告的永久全职工人数量定义的。这似乎是对劳动力的一个适当的定义，因为在建筑和农业部门之外，季节性/临时/兼职就业不是一种常见的做法。
在安提瓜和巴布达，由于样本目标的大小，整个国家被视为一个地理区域。
安提瓜和巴布达的样本框架是从以下来源集合中产生的：TradeBoss.com、GMDU.net、Manta.com、安提瓜和巴布达酒店指南、安提瓜和巴布达商业目录、安提瓜和巴布达网络目录、安提瓜和巴布达住宿、安提瓜和巴布达黄页、CaribSeek.com、AntiguaNice和加勒比黄页。
然后使用样本框架选择样本，目的是对具有五名或更多员工的150家机构进行访谈。
在项目开始时，通过访问随机子集的企业和当地承包商的知识来评估框架的质量。样本框架不可避免地会存在在机构调查中发现的典型问题：非合格单位的高比率、重复、不存在的单位等。此外，样本框架不包含电话/传真号码，因此当地承包商必须通过访问来筛选联系。
由于响应率和非合格问题，世界银行不得不提取额外的样本，以获得足够的合格联系并达到样本目标。
鉴于样本总体中包含的非合格单位可能对结果产生的影响，在计算个体观察结果的相关权重时可能需要进行调整。作为对调查中接触到的机构样本总数的比例，已确认的非合格单位百分比是9.1%（28个中的309个）。
数据收集方式
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面对面 [f2f]
研究工具
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当前调查工具包括以下内容：
- 服务问卷；
- 制造业问卷；
- 筛选问卷。
服务问卷适用于服务业机构。制造业问卷基于服务问卷，并增加了与制造业相关的特定问题。
调查主题包括企业特征、性别参与、融资渠道、年销售额、投入/劳动力成本、劳动力构成、贿赂、许可、基础设施、贸易、犯罪、竞争、产能利用率、土地和许可、税收、非正规性、商业-政府关系、创新和技术以及绩效指标。超过90%的问题客观地确定了国家商业环境的特征。其余问题评估了调查受访者对公司增长和绩效障碍的看法。
数据清洗操作
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承包商执行数据录入和质量控制，并以批量（通常是10%、50%和100%）的形式将数据交付给世界银行。这些数据交付被检查以确定逻辑一致性、超出范围的值、跳过模式和重复条目。问题由世界银行标记并由实施承包商通过数据检查、回电和重访机构进行纠正。
响应率
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每个接触的机构实现的访谈数量为0.49。此估计是基于包括不合格机构在内的接触到的企业总数。这个数字是两个因素的结果：明确拒绝参与调查（反映在拒绝率上，包括筛选和主要调查的拒绝）以及样本框架的质量（以不合格单位的存在表示）。每个联系中的拒绝次数为0.28。
有关抽样方法、样本框架、权重、响应率和实施的完整信息，可在“安提瓜和巴布达ES 2010实施描述”的外部资源中找到。