Validation of the 14 biomarkers in patients and non-ALS neurological controls.

Validation was done by dot blot assay with the specific antibodies on single PBMC samples from ALS patients, ALS>24 (n = 20), and non-ALS neurological controls (NC) (n = 23); mean ± SD of the relative immunoreactivity of the specific antibody normalized to the actual amount of proteins loaded on the membrane as detected after Red Ponceau staining;*, -fold change as the mean increase (positive) and decrease (negative) in protein concentration in samples from ALS patients in comparison with neurological controls.