Wetland timing, Amazon Basin, Reis et al. 2019

This resource contains a map (image map only, not a database) that characterizes wetland inundation regimes in the Amazon basin. The map is from a study by Reis et al. (2019) titled "Characterizing seasonal dynamics of Amazonian wetlands for conservation and decision making." The maps shows the distribution of wetland inundation cluster. Each cluster represents a distinct seasonal inundation regime, ranging from the most ephemeral wetlands (cluster 1) to permanently inundated wetlands (cluster 18). The study uses the Global Inundation Extent from Multi‐Satellites database (GIEMS) D15 dataset by Fluet‐Chouinard et al., 2015. The GIEMS dataset is available upon request (see http://www.estellus.fr/index.php?static13/giems-d15). The Reis et al. 2019 map data may be available upon request from the author.

Abstract from source:
In many wetlands the timing and duration of inundation determine ecological characteristics and the provision of ecosystem services; however, wetland conservation decisions often rely on static maps of wetland boundaries that do not capture their dynamic hydrological variability and connectivity. The Amazon River basin contains some of the world's most extensive wetlands, many of which are floodplains where seasonal flood pulses result in a temporally varying inundation area and hydrological connectivity with river systems. This study classified Amazon wetlands according to the timing and duration (months per year) of inundation detected by remote sensing, and also investigated the contribution of precipitation regimes in affecting wetland distribution and hydrological dynamics. Permanently inundated wetlands account for the largest area and are mainly floodplains located in the lowlands of the catchment. Seasonally inundated wetlands varied greatly in the duration of inundation over the course of the year, ranging from 1 to 9 months. Distinct seasonal timing was detected among the large wetland complexes, reflecting rainfall regimes as well as time lags for drainage and drying. For example, inundation in the extensive Llanos de Moxos region of the southern Amazon was protracted and lasted well after the rainy season, compared with the Roraima region of the northern Amazon, where inundation was shorter and tracked the rainy season. The integration of inundation dynamics into wetland classification captures regional differences in timing and duration of inundation in the major wetlands of the basin that should be considered for conservation planning and other ecological applications. This information can aid regional wetland management and planning, especially with regards to minimizing the effects of dam and waterway construction that can directly affect the natural wetland dynamics. The use of global remotely sensed inundation data makes this approach easily transferable to other large tropical wetlands.

Contents:
"Reis_2019_AmazonWetlandsSeasonalDynamics.pdf" is the manuscript that describing the data analysis.

"Reis_2019_Supplemental1_AmazonWetlandsSeasonalDynamics.pdf" is a silhouette plot of CLARA classification showing the silhouette width of each of the 18 wetland clusters. The bars represent the samples grouped in each cluster and the silhouette width (SI) is a measure of the performance of the classification. The SI ranges from −1 to +1, where a high positive value indicates that the object is well matched to its own cluster and poorly matched to neighbouring clusters.

"Reis_2019_Supplemental2_AmazonWetlandsSeasonalDynamics.pdf" is the main data product, a geographic distribution of inundation clusters across the Amazon basin. Each cluster represents a distinct seasonal inundation regime, ranging from the most ephemeral wetlands (cluster 1) to permanently inundated wetlands (cluster 18). Deep open waters of river, lakes, and reservoirs depicted in GWD‐LR are shown in black.

本资源包含一幅描绘亚马逊盆地湿地淹没格局的地图（仅图像地图，非数据库）。该地图源自Reis等（2019）的研究，该研究以《对亚马逊湿地季节动态进行描述以用于保护和决策制定》为题。地图展示了湿地淹没聚类的分布情况。每个聚类代表一种独特的季节性淹没格局，从最短暂的湿地（聚类1）到永久性淹没湿地（聚类18）。该研究采用了Fluet-Chouinard等（2015）的全球淹没范围多卫星数据库（GIEMS）D15数据集。GIEMS数据集可在请求后获得（详见http://www.estellus.fr/index.php?static13/giems-d15）。Reis等（2019）的地图数据可从作者处请求获得。

摘要来源：在众多湿地中，淹没的时间及持续时间决定了生态特性和生态系统服务的提供；然而，湿地保护决策往往依赖于静态的湿地边界地图，这些地图无法捕捉其动态水文变率和连通性。亚马逊河流域拥有世界上最为广阔的湿地，其中许多是洪泛平原，季节性洪水脉冲导致淹没面积和时间变化，以及与河流系统的水文连通性。本研究根据遥感检测到的淹没时间及持续时间（每年月份）对亚马逊湿地进行分类，并研究了降水格局对湿地分布和水文动态的影响。永久性淹没湿地面积最大，主要位于流域的低地洪泛平原。季节性淹没湿地的淹没持续时间在一年中差异很大，从1个月到9个月不等。大型湿地复合体中检测到明显的季节性时间差异，反映了降水格局以及排水和干燥的时间滞后。例如，与北部亚马逊的Roraima地区相比，南部亚马逊广泛分布的Llanos de Moxos地区的淹没持续时间更长，并且延续到雨季之后。将淹没动态纳入湿地分类，可以捕捉到盆地主要湿地在淹没时间和持续时间上的区域差异，这些差异应考虑用于保护规划和其它生态应用。这些信息有助于区域湿地管理和规划，特别是在最小化大坝和水道建设对自然湿地动态的直接影响的方面。使用全球遥感淹没数据使得该方法易于转让到其它大型热带湿地。