Demographic and clinical characteristics.

IQR, interquartile range; d4T, stavudine; 3TC, lamivudine; EFV, efavirenz; NVP, nevirapine; AZT, zidovudine; TDF, tenofovir; NRTI, nucleoside/nucleotide reverse-transcriptase inhibitor; NNRTI, non-nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor.
aBaseline CD4+ cell count was measurement closest to but prior to ART initiation; 28 missing baseline CD4+ cell count.
bImmunological failure was defined according to WHO guidelines: fall of CD4+ cell count to baseline or below; 50% fall from on-treatment peak value; or persistent CD4+ cell count <100 cells/µl.
cDuration of antiretroviral failure was estimated from the date of the first viral load >1000 copies/ml to date of genotype, unless there was a viral load <50 copies/ml in-between, in which case the time was estimated from the next viral load >1,000 copies/ml. If there was no viral load ≤1,000 copies/ml then time was calculated from date of ART initiation.