List of 131 harlequin toad species (in alphabetical order) with information on occurence, population status 2004 and 2022, threats, IUCN Red List status and contributing experts

Biodiversity loss is extreme in amphibians. Despite ongoing conservation
action, it is difficult to determine where we stand in overcoming their
extinction crisis. Among the most threatened amphibians are the 131
Neotropical harlequin toads. Many of them declined since the 1980s with
several considered possibly extinct. Recently, more than 30 species have
been rediscovered, raising hope for a reversing trend in the amphibian
extinction crisis. We use past and present data available for harlequin
toads (Atelopus), to examine whether the amphibian extinction crisis is
still in an emergency state. Since 2004 no species has improved its
population status, suggesting that recovery efforts have not been
successful. Threats include habitat change, pathogen spread and climate
change. More mitigation strategies need implementation, especially habitat
protection and disease management, combined with captive conservation
breeding. With harlequin toads serving as a model, it is clear that the
amphibian extinction crisis is still underway.