Functional heterogeneity facilitates effectual collective task performance in a worker-polymorphic ant

Effective coordination of group actions underlies the success of group-living organisms. Recent studies of animal personality have shown that groups composed of individuals with different behavioral propensities can outperform uniform groups in a range of different tasks, but we have only a rudimentary understanding of how differences in individual behavior influence the behavior of the group as a whole. In this study, we use natural variation in behavioral propensity among morphologically distinct worker castes of the small carpenter ant Camponotus yamaokai to shed new light on this. Iterative testing indicated that ants displayed consistent behavioral differences among individuals and between castes, with major workers exhibiting a lower exploratory tendency than minors. By constructing groups of different caste composition and quantifying their performance in the task of colony emigration, we show that group performance is an asymmetric humped function of caste ratio, with optimal pe..., These data are manually recorded observations based on video recordings of ant emigrations. , , # *Camponotus yamaokai* emigration and personality data

[https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.hqbzkh1p8](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.hqbzkh1p8)

These two datasets contain i) the outcomes of trials of *Camponotus yamaokai* ants during laboratory emigration trials in groups of different composition (emigration data) and ii) the results of individual personality testing for major and minor workers of *C. yamaokai* (personality tests).

## Description of the data and file structure

See summary information in each dataset for a description of variables included.

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