Trucks vs treks: The relative influence of motorized vs non-motorized recreation on a mammal community

Outdoor recreation is increasing rapidly on public lands, with potential consequences for wildlife communities. Recreation can induce shifts in wildlife activity and habitat use, but responses vary widely even within the same species, suggesting mitigating factors that remain poorly understood. Both the type of recreation – motorized or non-motorized – and the distance of wildlife from human disturbance may be important in developing a general understanding of recreation impacts on wildlife and making more informed management decisions. We conducted a camera-trapping survey in the Colville National Forest (CNF) of northeastern Washington in the summers of 2019 and 2020. We collected ~11,000 trap nights of spatially-extensive data on nine mid-large mammalian species, simultaneously recording the presence and activity patterns of motorized (primarily vehicles on roads) and non-motorized (primarily hikers on trails) recreation and wildlife both along trails and roads and off trails and roa..., Data collected from camera traps and then post-processed to extract date/time and species in each photo. R packages used to manage data.,