Ultrasound-activated piezoelectric nanostickers for neural stem cell therapy of traumatic brain injury therapy

Piezoelectric stimulation can promote neuronal differentiation of neural stem cells. Here we report a piezoelectric nanostickers that activate voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCC) on the surface of neural stem cells under ultrasound, inducing calcium ion influx.The influx of calcium ions leads to the upregulation of CaMKⅡ expression and phosphorylation, which initiates downstream signal transduction pathways in the process of neurogenesis. Phosphorylated CaMKⅡ (P-CaMKⅡ) enters the nucleus, where it facilities the phosphorylation of CREB. The phosphorylation of CREB enhances the expression of target gene, BDNF, ultimately leading to the completion of neurogenesis. After NSCs received different treatments for 5 days, RNA-seq was performed