中国第38次南极科学考察(2021-2022年)南极半岛海域海洋哺乳动物观测

在南极海域，海洋哺乳动物位于生态食物链的顶端，在维持整个南极生态系统的稳态中具有不可替代的作用，其分布和种群数量的变动对南极剧烈的环境变化有着很好的指示作用。同时，野生动物资源调查和种群监测也是生物多样性保护和制定野生动物保护管理计划的基础。 2021-2022年中国第38次南极科学考察期间，通过船基走航观测，对南极半岛业务化海域的海洋哺乳动物的种类、数量及分布开展观测，重点掌握海洋哺乳动物的热点分布区域，为南极野生动物的研究、保护和管理提供科学支持。 1.观测仪器 单反数码相机EOS-7D II、Navigator Pro 7×50双筒望远镜、GARMIN手持GPS仪。 2.观测方法和所获观测资料 在作业海区全程开展走航船基海洋哺乳动物目视调查，调查方法参考美国西南渔业中心（SWFSC, NOAA）的海洋鲸豚类考察数据记录方法，调查区域在天气、海况以及光线适宜并且人员健康的情况下，每天开展不少于8小时的观测。按规范填写海洋哺乳动物观测记录表格，表格信息包括站GPS坐标、时间、气象条件、目视是否有海洋哺乳动物、与调查船距离、种类、数量、活动描述等要素。 自2022年1月1日至1月8日，项目现场执行人戴宇飞按计划完成南极半岛业务化海域的海洋哺乳动物观测任务，累计观测时长70.5小时，平均每天观测时长8.8小时，完成每天开展不少于8小时的观测任务，并记录该海域的海洋哺乳动物种类、数量及分布情况。 3.观测区域 本次观测区域为南极半岛业务化海域。In Antarctic marine waters, marine mammals occupy the top of the marine food web and play an irreplaceable role in maintaining the stability of the entire Antarctic ecosystem. Shifts in their distribution and population abundance serve as excellent indicators of the dramatic environmental changes occurring in the Antarctic region. Meanwhile, wildlife resource surveys and population monitoring form the foundation for biodiversity conservation and the formulation of wildlife conservation and management plans. During the 38th Chinese Antarctic Scientific Expedition in 2021–2022, ship-based underway surveys were conducted to investigate the species, abundance and distribution of marine mammals in the operational marine waters of the Antarctic Peninsula, with a focus on identifying the hotspot distribution areas of marine mammals. This work provides scientific support for research, conservation and management of Antarctic wildlife. 1. Observation Instruments Single-lens reflex digital camera EOS-7D II, Navigator Pro 7×50 binoculars, GARMIN handheld GPS receiver. 2. Observation Methods and Collected Data Visual surveys of marine mammals were conducted throughout the entire operational survey area via ship-based underway observation. The survey methodology followed the marine cetacean survey data recording protocols of the Southwest Fisheries Science Center (SWFSC, NOAA, USA). Surveys were conducted for no less than 8 hours per day when weather, sea conditions, light levels were suitable and crew members were healthy. Standardized marine mammal observation record forms were filled out, with required information including survey station GPS coordinates, time, meteorological conditions, visual presence of marine mammals, distance from the survey vessel, species, abundance, activity descriptions and other relevant elements. From January 1 to January 8, 2022, the on-site project executor Dai Yufei completed the marine mammal observation task in the operational marine waters of the Antarctic Peninsula as planned. The total cumulative observation duration reached 70.5 hours, with an average daily observation time of 8.8 hours, meeting the requirement of no less than 8 hours of observation per day. The species, abundance and distribution of marine mammals in this area were recorded. 3. Observation Area The observation area for this survey is the operational marine waters of the Antarctic Peninsula.