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Categorization bias in social cognition is widely observed, as it is more beneficial to commit low-risk biases in order to reduce high-risk biases. In this context, a short age of the capacity to protect oneself when at high risk of approaching potentially harmful others, and hence, physical load and low physical fitness, are considered to be disadvantageous in self-protection. Thus, we hypothesized that a low capacity to self-protect leads to a biased social categorization of others as harmful. To examine this hypothesis, silhouettes of the human body, which had a sexually dimorphic cue (waist-to-hip ratio), were presented, and participants categorized the stimuli as female or male. Participants’ basic physical fitness was measured, and we manipulated physical load by a heavy or light backpack. Physical load did not significantly influence categorization. In contrast, only female participants tended to categorize the stimuli as male as basic physical fitness increased, suggesting that basic physical fitness, not physical load, affects sex categorization for females. Our findings shed new light on the effect of fitness factors on social cognition.