Data from: Investigation of Stormwater Runoff at the Sleepy Hollow Neighborhood, Fort Irwin, California

In arid and semi-arid region, low precipitation can lead to reliance on groundwater for our needs. A study was conducted in cooperation with the Environmental Protection Agency and the Agriculture Research Service (ARS) in Riverside, California in the residential area the Ft. Irwin Army base in southern California. The base only receives an average annual precipitation of 4 inches. An objective of the study was to see if enough runoff was generated in the residential neighborhood to enhance the recharge of groundwater. Rainfall, runoff, and characteristics of the watershed draining to a detention that in turn, drains into a dry well that is designed to enhance deep infiltration to groundwater. Three storm events with all instrumentation working properly were observed. The respective percentage of the rainfall that runoff was 9, 5 and 11 percent. These events were modeled with the uncalibrated ARS KINEROS2 watershed model using urban overland flow model elements. For EV1 and EV3 the precent difference between simulated and observed runoff was -9.7 and -14.1 percent, respectively. For EV2 the model overpredicted the observed runoff by 80.2 percent. However, EV2 was a very small runoff event where the measuring resolution of the rain gauges (0.25 mm) translated into 57% of the observed volume. To generate substantial volumes of runoff for groundwater recharge would require a much larger developed area than the one studied herein. In addition, a larger sample size of events, with all instruments in proper working order, would lend greater weight to overall character of rainfall-runoff processes at Ft. Irwin.

在干旱和半干旱地区，降水稀少往往导致人们依赖地下水来满足需求。一项研究在加利福尼亚州里弗赛德的环境保护局和美国农业研究服务局（ARS）的合作下进行，研究对象位于南加州的Ft. Irwin陆军基地的住宅区。该基地平均年降水量仅为4英寸。研究的目标是观察住宅区是否能够产生足够的径流以增强地下水的补给。研究人员观测了降雨、径流以及流向集水区的流域特征，该集水区最终流入设计的用于增强深层渗透到地下水中的干井。在所有仪器均正常工作的三次风暴事件中进行了观测。相应的降雨径流百分比分别为9%、5%和11%。这些事件使用未经校准的ARS KINEROS2流域模型，并结合城市地表径流模型元素进行了模拟。对于EV1和EV3，模拟径流与观测径流之间的百分比差异分别为-9.7%和-14.1%。对于EV2，模型预测的观测径流超出了80.2%。然而，EV2是一个非常小的径流事件，其中雨量计的测量分辨率（0.25毫米）转化为观测体积的57%。要产生大量的径流以实现地下水补给，需要比本研究中更大的开发区域。此外，更大规模的事件样本量，且所有仪器均处于良好工作状态，将有助于更全面地理解Ft. Irwin地区的降雨径流过程。