Nepal-FRES: Helambu Hydrological Observatory (H2O) Data

Rainfall and streamflow monitoring has been conducted in the Helambu region of central Nepal as part of the "Nepal-FRES" (Frontier Research in Earth Sciences) project. This research has focused on the Melamchi Khola Valley. More information on this project can be found at the link in the "Additional Metadata" section below.

Rainfall measurements were made using tipping bucket gauges at 6 sites starting in 2022, with 2 additional sites added in 2024. Further details provided in metadata files associated with rainfall datasets.

Streamflow was measured in three tributaries to the Melamchi Khola, also beginning in 2022: the Bhatar Khola, the Jansing Khola, and the Kartik Khola. Streamflow measurements were made via stage level records generated by pressure transducers, calibrated by stage-discharge relationships. Further details are provided in the metadata associated with the streamflow datasets (pending review and public release as of July 2024).

Soil and paired air temperature data were collected beginning in 2022 at seven sites across a gradient in elevation along the eastern ridge of the valley.

Soil moisture measurements (with paired temperature data) started in 2024 at five sites and will be added here when available, together with any additional relevant datasets as they become available.

Multiple mapping datasets were associated with this project including maps of landslides and related mass movements during different time intervals, with one focus being on the 2021 Melamchi Flood.

As of 2024, measurements are continuing and will be updated periodically via version-updating of the datasets associated with this collection. Additional datasets beyond those described here will be added as new resources and described in an update to this Collection description.

自2022年起，作为“尼泊尔-前沿地球科学研究”（Nepal-FRES）项目的一部分，在尼泊尔中部赫尔曼布地区开展了降雨和溪流水文监测工作。该研究主要聚焦于梅拉姆奇科拉山谷。关于此项目的更多信息可在以下“附加元数据”部分的链接中找到。使用倾倒桶式雨量计在6个地点进行了降雨测量，并于2024年增加了2个额外的站点。与降雨数据集相关的元数据文件中提供了进一步详情。溪流水文测量始于2022年，针对梅拉姆奇科拉河的三个支流：巴塔尔科拉、贾辛科拉和卡尔蒂科拉。通过压力传感器生成的水位记录进行溪流水文测量，并以此水位-流量关系进行校准。与溪流水文数据集相关的元数据中提供了进一步详情（截至2024年7月，待审查和公开发布）。自2022年起，在山谷东部山脊的多个海拔梯度上七个地点收集了土壤和匹配的空气温度数据。土壤湿度测量（附带温度数据）于2024年开始在五个地点进行，并将在此处添加，以及随着相关数据集的可用性，任何其他相关数据集也将被添加。与该项目相关联的多个测绘数据集包括不同时间间隔内滑坡及相关地质灾害的地图，其中一个重点关注2021年的梅拉姆奇洪水。截至2024年，测量工作仍在继续，并将通过数据集版本的更新定期进行更新。将根据新资源的获取，在此收藏描述的更新中添加超出此处描述的额外数据集。