Edible Bird’s Nest Peptides Enhance Alveolar Epithelial Regeneration and Reprogram Immune-niche in BLM-induced Lung Injury Model

Edible bird's nest peptides (EBNP) are bioactive compounds with potential benefits for lung diseases. This study investigates the efficacy of EBNP in attenuating pulmonary fibrosis, a progressive disease marked by impaired epithelial repair and excessive fibrosis. Peptidomic profiling identified EBNP as primarily composed of low-molecular-weight peptides with hydrophobic properties, with Pro and Ser residues enriched at the peptide termini, which may facilitate its anti-inflammatory activity. To elucidate whether EBNP can alleviate fibrosis, we performed unbiased bulk RNA sequencing using a bleomycin (BLM)-induced mouse model. Three experimental groups were established: Group A (n=6) as the control group, Group B (n=6) as the bleomycin model group, and Group E (n=6) as the EBNP-treated bleomycin model group. All sequencing reads were mapped to the mm10 standard reference genome, and gene expression data were normalized and presented as both Counts and TPM (Transcripts Per Million) values.