Lesion-Targeted Epidural Electrical Stimulation Achieves Coordinated Locomotor Recovery After Severe Spinal Cord Injury

Epidural electrical stimulation (EES) of the lumbosacral spinal cord has shown promise in restoring locomotor function after spinal cord injury (SCI). However, in complete or severe SCI, insufficient residual axonal connections between descending projections and lumbosacral spinal networks limit the recovery of voluntary movement. Here, single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that although the primary objective of the lesion-targeted EES is to promote neural growth at the injury site, it also remotely regulates the molecular signatures and metabolic activity of lumbosacral segments.