Integrating Metagenomics and Metabolomics to Study the Gut Microbiome and Host Relationship in Sports Across Different Energy Systems

This study explores the role of the gut microbiome in modulating host metabolism among Colombian athletes, comparing elite weightlifters (n = 16) and cyclists (n = 13) through integrative omics analysis. Fecal and plasma samples collected one month before an international event underwent metagenomic, metabolomic, and lipidomic profiling. Metagenomic analysis using bioBakery tools identified significant microbial pathways, including L-arginine biosynthesis III and fatty acid biosynthesis initiation (Figure 1). Key metabolic pathways were enriched in both athlete groups, such as phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis, arginine biosynthesis, and folate biosynthesis. Plasma metabolomics and lipidomics revealed distinct metabolic profiles and a separation between athlete types through multivariate models, with lipid-related pathways such as lipid droplet formation and glycolipid synthesis driving the differences. Notably, elevated carnitine, amino acid, and glycerolipid levels in weightlifters suggest energy system-specific metabolic adaptations. These findings underscore the complex relationship between gut microbiota composition and metabolic responses tailored to athletic demands, laying groundwork for personalized strategies to optimize performance. This research highlights the potential for targeted modulation of gut microbiota as a basis for tailored interventions to support specific energy demands in athletic disciplines.