Digital transformation and earnings downside risk

This dataset comprises Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share listed firms from 2015 to 2024. Data on digital transformation are hand-collected from firms’ annual reports, ESG ratings are obtained from Huazheng ESG Ratings, and financial and market data are sourced from the China Stock Market & Accounting Research (CSMAR) Database. Following standard data cleaning procedures, we exclude firms designated as ST or *ST and those in the financial industry, and winsorize all continuous variables at the 1% and 99% levels. The final sample comprises 15,150 firm-year observations.