juliensimon/tess-toi-candidates

---
license: cc-by-4.0
pretty_name: "TESS Objects of Interest (TOI) Planet Candidates"
language:
- en
description: "Planet candidates identified by NASA's TESS mission, from the NASA Exoplanet Archive TOI catalog. Updated weekly."
task_categories:
- tabular-classification
tags:
- space
- exoplanet
- tess
- planet-candidate
- transit
- nasa
- open-data
size_categories:
- 1K<n<10K
---

# TESS Objects of Interest (TOI) Planet Candidates


Planet candidates identified by NASA's Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS),
currently **7,913** TOI entries including confirmed planets, false positives, and
active candidates.

## Dataset description

TESS is a NASA space telescope launched in 2018 that surveys the entire sky for
transiting exoplanets. When a star shows periodic brightness dips consistent with
a planet crossing in front of it, it is flagged as a TESS Object of Interest (TOI).
Each TOI undergoes follow-up observations to determine whether it is a genuine planet,
a false positive (e.g., eclipsing binary), or remains an active candidate.

## Schema

| Column | Type | Description |
|--------|------|-------------|
| `toi_id` | float64 | TESS Input Catalog (TIC) ID |
| `toi_prefix` | float64 | TOI number (e.g. 175.01) |
| `planet_name` | string | Confirmed planet name (if any) |
| `ra_deg` | float64 | Right ascension (degrees) |
| `dec_deg` | float64 | Declination (degrees) |
| `period_days` | float64 | Orbital period (days) |
| `radius_earth` | float64 | Planet radius (Earth radii) |
| `equilibrium_temp_k` | float64 | Equilibrium temperature (K) |
| `transit_depth_ppm` | float64 | Transit depth (ppm) |
| `tmag` | float64 | TESS magnitude of host star |
| `disposition` | string | TFOPWG disposition (CP/FP/KP/PC) |

## Quick stats

- **7,913** TOI entries
- **717** confirmed planets (CP)
- **1,235** false positives (FP)
- **7,401** with radius estimates

## Usage

```python
from datasets import load_dataset

ds = load_dataset("juliensimon/tess-toi-candidates", split="train")
df = ds.to_pandas()

# Confirmed planets
confirmed = df[df["disposition"] == "CP"]
print(f"{len(confirmed):,} confirmed planets")

# Small rocky planets (< 2 Earth radii)
rocky = df[df["radius_earth"] < 2.0].dropna(subset=["radius_earth"])
print(f"{len(rocky):,} candidates with radius < 2 Earth radii")

# Period distribution
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
valid = df.dropna(subset=["period_days"])
plt.hist(valid["period_days"], bins=100, range=(0, 50))
plt.xlabel("Orbital period (days)")
plt.ylabel("Count")
plt.title("TESS TOI Period Distribution")
```

## Data source

[NASA Exoplanet Archive](https://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/), TESS TOI catalog,
accessed via the TAP service.

## Update schedule

Weekly (Monday at 17:00 UTC) via [GitHub Actions](https://github.com/juliensimon/space-datasets).

## Related datasets

- [neo-close-approaches](https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/neo-close-approaches) -- NEO Close Approaches
- [pulsar-catalog](https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/pulsar-catalog) -- ATNF Pulsar Catalogue

## Pipeline

Source code: [juliensimon/space-datasets](https://github.com/juliensimon/space-datasets)

## Citation

```bibtex
@dataset{tess_toi_candidates,
author = {Simon, Julien},
title = {TESS Objects of Interest (TOI) Planet Candidates},
year = {2026},
publisher = {Hugging Face},
url = {https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/tess-toi-candidates},
note = {Based on NASA Exoplanet Archive TESS TOI catalog}
}
```

## License

[CC-BY-4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)