ISS ESG Controversial Weapon Research Data (identify companies involved in illegal weapons)

Controversial Weapons Research is a well-established analysis methodology that helps investors make decisions regarding companies directly or indirectly involved in the development, production, maintenance or sale of weapons that are illegal—as their production and use is prohibited by international legal instruments—or deemed particularly controversial because of their indiscriminate effects and the disproportionate harm they cause. Specifically, ISS ESG’s service identifies and assesses corporate involvement the following: • Biological weapons • Chemical weapons • Anti-personnel mines • Cluster munitions • Incendiary weapons • White phosphorus weapons • Depleted uranium ammunition and armour • Nuclear weapons programmes in recognized nuclear-weapon states (United States, Russia, United Kingdom, France, and China) • Nuclear weapons programmes outside the Non-Proliferation Treaty (“NPT”), i.e. in countries other than the five recognized nuclear-weapon states, regardless of company domicile Controversial Weapons Research is conducted through a structured process carried out by ISS ESG’s professional team of analysts with expertise in military technologies, arms industry structures and international humanitarian law. The analysis results are categorized according to a traffic-light system reflecting degree of involvement and are updated on a continuous basis with new information. The Controversial Weapons Research service covers approximately 26,000 issuers. ISS ESG conducts a comprehensive, systematic review of open sources such as company publications, contract award notifications by government authorities, military specialized magazines and publications by research organizations and non-governmental organizations. Active company and stakeholder dialogues are also a key component of the research process. ISS ESG engages in a fact-finding dialogue with companies as soon as research is initiated and offers companies an opportunity to review the analysis and submit relevant complementary documentation. This dialogue continues for as long as ISS ESG maintains its assessment on the company. ISS ESG also consults with experts and field specialists (commonly representatives of state institutions, inter-governmental organizations, academia, NGOs) to cross-check information and deepen the understanding of benchmark corporate practices. Data is used by a broad range of institutional investors, asset managers, asset owners, fund managers, banks, government institutions, universities and research firms. The key attributes that differentiates this data are the granular flagging and scoring system. Controversial Weapons Research findings are categorized by traffic light signals based on status and level of involvement and verification and given a numeric score to provide additional granularity based on type of activity and ownership.

争议性武器研究（Controversial Weapons Research）是一套成熟的分析方法论，可帮助投资者针对直接或间接参与非法武器研发、生产、维护或销售的企业做出决策。此类武器的生产与使用已被国际法律文书明令禁止，或因其无差别杀伤效应与不成比例的危害性而被视作极具争议性的武器。

具体而言，ISS ESG（ISS ESG）的服务会识别并评估企业在以下领域的参与情况：
• 生物武器
• 化学武器
• 杀伤人员地雷
• 集束弹药
• 燃烧武器
• 白磷武器
• 贫铀弹药与装甲
• 公认核武器国家（美国、俄罗斯、英国、法国及中国）的核武器研发项目
• 脱离《不扩散核武器条约》（NPT）框架的核武器研发项目，即除上述5个公认核武器国家之外的国家开展的相关项目，且不考虑企业的注册地

争议性武器研究（Controversial Weapons Research）由ISS ESG的专业分析师团队通过结构化流程开展，该团队具备军事技术、军工产业结构及国际人道主义法领域的专业知识。分析结果将按照红绿灯分类体系进行归类，以反映企业的参与程度，并会持续通过新信息更新。

争议性武器研究服务覆盖约26000家发行主体。

ISS ESG会对公开数据源开展全面、系统的审查，此类数据源包括企业公开文件、政府机构的合同授予通知、军事专业期刊以及研究机构与非政府组织的出版物。主动开展企业与利益相关方对话也是研究流程的核心环节。ISS ESG会在研究启动时即与企业开展事实核查对话，并为企业提供审阅分析结果、提交相关补充材料的机会。该对话将持续至ISS ESG对该企业的评估结束为止。

ISS ESG还会咨询专家与领域专家，通常包括国家机构代表、政府间组织代表、学术界人士及非政府组织成员，以交叉验证信息并加深对标杆企业实践的理解。

该数据被广泛应用于各类机构投资者、资产管理公司、资产所有者、基金管理人、银行、政府机构、高校及研究机构。该数据的核心差异化特征在于其精细化的标记与评分体系。争议性武器研究的结论将根据参与状态、参与程度与验证情况，通过红绿灯信号体系进行分类，并基于活动类型与所有权情况赋予数值评分，以提供更精细化的粒度信息。