Data_Sheet_4_Biodiversity of New Lytic Bacteriophages Infecting Shigella spp. in Freshwater Environment.pdf

Bacteriophages, viruses that infect and replicate within prokaryotic cells are the most abundant life forms in the environment, yet the vast majority of them have not been properly reported or even discovered. Almost all reported bacteriophages infecting the Enterobacteriaceae family, with Escherichia coli being the major subject of studies, have been isolated from wastewater, sewage, and effluent resources. In the present study, we focused on the distribution and biodiversity of Shigella phages in an aquatic ecosystem. While no Shigella bacteria was recovered from the Yangtze River, three lytic phages were isolated from this ecosystem and were subjected to biological, morphological, and genomic characteristics. Comparative genomics and phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that vB _SflM_004 isolate belongs to Myoviridae family, Felixounavirus genus of Ounavirinae subfamily, vB_SdyM_006 was classified under the same family, however, it is suggested to be in a new genus under Tevenvirinae subfamily with some other related bacteriophages. vB_SsoS_008 phage belongs to the Siphoviridae family, Tunavirus genus, Tunavirinae subfamily. The phages did not harbor any genes involved in the lysogenic cycles and showed a high temperature and pH stability. The biodiversity of the isolated phages highly suggests that continued isolation on non-model members of Enterobacteriaceae family is necessary to fully understand bacteriophage diversity in aquatic environments.

噬菌体，一类侵袭并繁殖于原核细胞内的病毒，是环境中最为丰富的生命形式，然而其中绝大多数尚未得到妥善报道，甚至尚未被发现。几乎所有已报道的感染肠杆菌科的噬菌体，其中以大肠杆菌为主要研究对象，均来源于废水、污水和排放物等资源。在本研究中，我们专注于研究水生生态系统中志贺氏噬菌体的分布和生物多样性。尽管在长江中未发现志贺氏菌，但从该生态系统中分离出了三种裂解噬菌体，并对其进行了生物学、形态学和基因组学特征分析。比较基因组学和系统发育分析表明，vB_SflM_004分离株属于噬菌体科，Ounavirinae亚科中的Felixounavirus属；vB_SdyM_006被归类于同一科，但建议其属于Tevenvirinae亚科中的一个新属，与其他一些相关的噬菌体相似。vB_SsoS_008噬菌体属于丝状噬菌体科，Tunavirus属，Tunavirinae亚科。这些噬菌体不携带与溶原周期相关的基因，表现出高温和pH稳定性。所分离噬菌体的生物多样性高度表明，对非模式肠杆菌科成员的持续分离是全面理解水生环境中噬菌体多样性的必要手段。