Archaeology at the Santa Paula site, upper Madeira, Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil

Abstract This paper presents the preliminary results of archaeological research by the Federal University of Rondônia at the Santa Paula site, which is located on a terrace on the left bank of the Teotônio waterfall on the upper Madeira River, in Porto Velho, Rondônia. This fieldwork was conducted from 2014 to 2016 and contributes to regional archaeology as a form of indigenous cultural history. These activities included historical and cultural contextualization, topography, excavation, dating, curation, and analysis of ceramic objects. The findings indicate that the site was occupied for over three thousand years, initially by people who utilized Santa Paula ceramics and the Pocó-Açutuba, Morro dos Macacos, Barrancoid, and Polychrome technical traditions, as well as historically recognized indigenous peoples, the Portuguese, and river dwellers. But the most striking transformations to this site, such as the construction of mounds around a central plaza and production of Amazon dark earth soils, began 1,600 years ago by the Barrancoids, who like the Pocó-Açutuba tradition can be associated with the expansion and cultural influence of the Arawak throughout the Amazon and beyond.