DNA methylation profiling and analysis of differentially methylated regions (DMRs) of the Arabidopsis cells that received type-III effectors delivered by Xanthomonas campestris pv. Campestris (Xcc) bacterial mutants

Due to low numbers and poor accessibility of host cells that are targeted for effector delivery, the actual biological functions of most effectors remain elusive. Here, we developed a novel Isolation Nuclei TArgeted by Bacterial Effectors (INTABE) system, which facilitates selectively recovering nuclei of the cells in Arabidopsis thaliana plants that have received type-III effectors of pathogenic Xanthomonas bacteria. Using these nuclei as studying materials, we analysed changes in host gene expression and their correlation with changes in DNA methylation induced by Xanthomonas effector Outer Protein D (XopD).