B16F10 Cell Membrane-Based Nanovesicles for Melanoma Therapy Are Superior to Hyaluronic Acid-Modified Nanocarriers

Some cancer cell membrane (CCM)-derived nanovesicles
show strong
homing effects and are used for targeted cancer therapy. By co-constructing
the B16F10 cell membrane with a PEGylated phospholipid membrane, a
new nanocarrier with a composite nanocrown structure was developed,
which can evade immune recognition and actively target homologous
melanoma. The nanocrowns have an encapsulation efficiency of more
than 90% for paclitaxel and showed no significant difference (p > 0.05) from the PEGylated phospholipid membrane vesicles.
Compared with the hyaluronic acid-modified PEGylated phospholipid
membrane vesicles, the biomimetic nanocrowns enhanced the escape of
nanovesicles from reticuloendothelial cells in vitro and extended
the circulation time in vivo; moreover, the nanocrowns showed superior
melanoma-targeted drug delivery capability and improved anticancer
effects of paclitaxel as demonstrated by the inhibition of B16F10
cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis by interfering with
microtubule formation. In contrast, the modification of hyaluronic
acid did not increase the targeting capacity or antitumor effects
of the nanocrowns, confirming that the superior targeting capacity
was mediated by the exposed homologous CCMs rather than by hyaluronic
acid. Our results demonstrate the potential of using biomimetic nanocrowns
for active melanoma-targeted therapy.