Metabolites altered in non-fasted subjects prior to diabetes diagnosis and in pre-diabetic subjects.

Metabolites that distinguish non-fasted diabetic patients diagnosed by fasting glucose levels and control donors up to six years prior to diagnosis (in alphabetic order). The retrospective Study 1 was performed on long-term archived samples obtained from the controlled storage facility of the Bavarian Red Cross (BRC). Four non-fasting plasma samples also included a sample from the last regular blood donation prior OGTT performed to diagnose diabetes (0 years prior to diagnosis) and samples collected 1.5, 3, and 6 years prior to diagnosis. The study participants were categorized as diabetic (n = 28) and non-diabetic control subjects (n = 96), based on fasting plasma glucose. Additionally, a difference between fasted pre-diabetic and control subjects was calculated in the prospective Study 1 at the time point of diabetes diagnosis. Analysis was performed in all pre-diabetic subjects vs. controls as well as separately in pre-diabetic subjects diagnosed by impaired fasting plasma glucose (IFG), excluding subjects who only showed impaired glucose tolerance levels and subjects diagnosed by impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) after 120 minutes of OGTT vs. controls, excluding subjects which only showed impaired fasting plasma glucose levels.