VEGF-A drives TOX-dependent T cell exhaustion in anti–PD-1–resistant microsatellite stable colorectal cancers Overall design: Normal colon, MC38-OVA, Control siRNA transfected, TOX siRNA transfected C
CD8+ T cells play an important role in fighting against tumors. However, CD8+ T cells often become functionally impaired or “exhausted” in the tumor microenvironment. T cell exhaustion is a major hurd
The clinical application of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy in solid tumors remains limited due to significant safety concerns, particularly "on-target, off-tumor" toxicity and cytokine
CD19-directed chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has been widely used and highly effective for B-cell lymphoid malignancies. Immune-mediated adverse effects such as cytokine release syndro
CD8+ T cell-mediated immune response plays a pivotal role in controlling tumor growth.However, within the tumor microenvironment (TME), prolonged antigen exposure, as well as immunosuppressive factors