Birth, graduation, residency completion, and estimated US entry years among Sub-Saharan African-trained medical graduates (SSA-IMGs) appearing in the US physician workforce in 2011.

Data source: American Medical Association [115].aSub-Saharan African countries with Note: Residency completion data were available for only 6,421 SSA-IMGs age ≤70. Given that the American Medical Association does not collect data on residency admission date, year of US entry was estimated by subtracting 5 y from residency completion year. Among SSA-IMGs still in residency at the time (n = 439), the 5-y lag was adjusted proportionally to the anticipated year of residency completion. Estimates were readjusted upward for those SSA-IMGs whose estimated year of entry in the US preceded their graduation year. For example, year of US entry for a Nigerian-trained physician who graduated from medical school in 2008 and was expected to complete residency in 2012, was readjusted from 2007 (i.e., 2012 minus 5 y) to 2008 (year of graduation). Estimates were readjusted downward for those SSA-IMGs whose estimated US entry year was above 2011.