Research progress in thermal protection materials and technologies for firefighting robots

As critical equipment capable of replacing firefighters in fire suppression and rescue operations， firefighting robots have garnered increasing attention， with intelligence and autonomy becoming major developmental trends. However， such robots face significant challenges in complex thermal environments during firefield operations， where core control components and sensors for autonomous functionality are at risk of thermal failure. Thus， highly efficient and reliable thermal protection materials and technologies are essential to ensure stable robot performance. This paper focuses on thermal protection for firefighting robots， reviewing key materials including thermal protection coatings， thermal insulating materials， and phase-change energy storage materials， while systematically analyzing research progress in integrated thermal protection strategies and critical component protection design. Current limitations are summarized， particularly the trade-off among high-temperature resistance， lightweight properties， long-term stability issues， and cost constraints. Future research directions are proposed， emphasizing intelligent thermal protection systems， sensor integration with data fusion， and dynamic thermal management， aiming to advance the engineering applications of firefighting robots.