Mopo pan-European VRE data: Climate change projections

This dataset provides simulated hourly wind and solar PV generation time series used in the Mopo project for pan‑European energy system modeling. The modeling framework follows https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17950647 (validated in Nayak et al. (2025)), extended here to run on climate projections. Climate inputs come from two models from the Copernicus Climate Change Service (2024): MPI‑ESM1‑2‑HR (MEHR)and EC‑Earth3 (ECE3). For each model, two scenarios are simulated: SSP2‑4.5, representing an intermediate “middle‑of‑the‑road” pathway, and SSP5‑8.5, representing a very high‑emission pathway. This yields four climate projections covering 2015–2100 at hourly resolution. Following Luzia (2023), wind speeds in all projections are scaled using GWA2. Each climate projection includes: Solar PV: 3 simulated PV technologies. Offshore wind: 4 specific technologies (2 bottom‑fixed (FB) and 2 floating (FO)) plus an “existing” configuration. Onshore wind: 9 specific technologies plus an “existing” configuration. “Existing” runs represent installations characteristic of 2020 in the analyzed regions, while “specific technology” runs represent possible future VRE installations. See https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17950647 for more details about the simulated VRE technologies and regions.