Integrated Analysis of Transcriptome and Metabolome Provides Insight into Camellia oleifera Oil Alleviating Fat Accumulation in High Fat Caenorhabditis elegans

Camellia oil (CO) is a high medicinal and nutritional value edible oil. However, itsability to alleviate fat accumulation in high-fat Caenorhabditis elegans has not been well elucidated.Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of CO on fat accumulation in high fat C. elegansvia transcriptome and metabolome analysis. The results showed that CO significantly reduced fataccumulation in high fat C. elegans by 10.34% (Oil Red O method) and 11.54% (TG content method),respectively. Furthermore, CO primarily altered the transcription levels of genes involved in longevityregulating pathway. Specifically, CO decreased lipid storage in high fat C. elegans by inhibiting fatsynthesis. In addition, CO supplementation modulated the abundance of metabolic biomarkersrelated to pyrimidine metabolism and riboflavin metabolism. The integrated transcriptome andmetabolome analyses indicated that CO supplementation could alleviate fat accumulation in high-fatC. elegans by regulating retinol metabolism, drug metabolism cytochrome P450, metabolism ofxenobiotics by cytochrome P450, ascorbate and aldarate metabolism, and pentose and glucuronateinterconversions. Overall, these findings highlight the potential health benefits of CO that couldpotentially be used as a functional edible oil.