NS indicates never smokers, and CS indicates current smokers. FVC indicates the forced vital capacity as a percent of the predicted value. FEV1% indicates the forced expiratory volume at one second as
ABSTRACT Objective To describe indications, clinical outcomes and complications of flexible bronchoscopy. Methods A descriptive observational study of bronchoscopies performed at the endoscopy service
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) often coexists with many diseases that require bronchoscopy. We conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the safety and complication ra