Chemoprotection of Amazonian Mauritia flexuosa fruit pulp against ammonia and nitrite toxicity to juvenile shrimps Litopenaeus vannamei: A hormetic response?

The effects of the inclusion (0-control group; 1.25; 2.50; 5.00; and 10.00% W/W) during 43 days of Amazonian Mauritia flexuosa fruit pulp in diets for feeding Litopenaeus vannamei postlarvae (PL) (weight: 5.0 ± 0.3 mg) were investigated. Measured response variables included growth performance, total carotenoid content, total antioxidant capacity (ACAP), and lipid peroxidation (TBARS). After 43 days juvenile shrimps were exposed for 96 h to ammonia (0.48 mg NH3-N L-1) and nitrite (40 mg NO3 L-1). and total antioxidant capacity (ACAP), and lipid peroxidation (TBARS), reduced glutathione and protein sulfhydryl groups