Borehole permafrost data, Kumtor and Taragai Valleys, Tienshan, Kazakhstan, Version 1

This dataset includes observations of the permafrost temperatures in the Inner Tien Shan were started in 1986 by Kazakhstan Alpine Permafrost Laboratory. Observations are carried out on more than 40 boreholes, at altitudes between 3300-4200 m. The depths of the boreholes vary from 30 to 600 m. The boreholes are located in both loose (moraines) sediments and bedrock. Several boreholes are situated in the territory of the 'Kumtor' goldmine. The geocryological conditions of goldmine 'Kumtor' and nearby territory have been discussed in scientific reports 1988, 1989 and articles (see references). Two boreholes were drilled in body of glacier 'Davydov' and located in the central and lateral parts of the glacier (depth - 30 m). A third borehole passed through the glacier, moraine and bedrock to a depth of 600 m. In the Kumtor and Taragai valleys, permafrost temperature in 14 boreholes from 25 to 50 m depth, between 3300-3750 m ASL were observed. The distance between outermost boreholes is about 40 km.

Temperature measurements in 9 geological prospecting adits [tunnels] (lengthwise 1500-1900 m) located in the four neighboring valleys (altitudes from 3920 to 4010 m) were carried out. At the same sites, but in natural conditions, the thermal conductivity of the bedrock was determined by the cylindrical sounding method. Grain size, soil moisture content, cryogenic structure and depth of seasonal thaw were also obtained from 15 pits located in differing altitudinal levels and exposures. At two further sites, ground temperatures measurements at depths of 0, 2, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 40 cm were taken every hour during daylight hours every 5 days over a two year period. Air temperature, wind velocity and duration of daylight were measured at the same time as the ground temperature measurements. These data are presented on the CAPS Version 1.0 CD-ROM, June 1998.

本数据集收录了自1986年起，由哈萨克斯坦阿尔泰永久冻土实验室发起的对天山内部永久冻土温度的观测记录。观测工作在超过40个钻孔中进行，这些钻孔位于海拔3300至4200米之间。钻孔的深度范围从30米至600米不等，其位置既包括松散沉积物（如冰川沉积物）也包括基岩。其中数个钻孔位于‘库姆托’金矿区域内。关于‘库姆托’金矿及其周边地区的地文气候条件已在1988年、1989年的科学报告及文章中进行了讨论（参见参考文献）。在‘达维多夫’冰川体内钻探了两个钻孔，分别位于冰川的中央和侧部（深度为30米）。第三个钻孔穿越冰川、冰川沉积物和基岩，深度达到600米。在库姆托和塔拉盖伊山谷中，对14个钻孔在25至50米深度范围内的永久冻土温度进行了观测，海拔高度介于3300至3750米之间。最外层钻孔之间的距离约为40公里。

在四个相邻山谷内，对9个地质勘探洞（长度为1500至1900米）的温度进行了测量。在同一地点，但在自然条件下，通过圆柱形探孔法确定了基岩的热导率。从不同海拔和暴露位置选取的15个坑中获取了粒径大小、土壤含水量、低温结构和季节性融深等信息。在另外两个地点，每隔5天在白天每小时对0、2、5、10、15、20和40厘米深度的地表温度进行测量，持续两年。同时测量了空气温度、风速和日照时长。这些数据呈现于1998年6月发布的CAPS版本1.0 CD-ROM上。