Primers used for qPCR.

Multiple evidence suggests that type 1 diabetes triggers perturbations in the nervous system both in human patients as well as in animal models of the disease. These perturbations are likely controlled by the expression of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and are present both in peripheral and central nervous system. To dissect the role of lncRNAs in diabetes-affected nervous system malfunctions, we conducted a comparative analysis of spinal cord transcriptome profiles between long-term (six months of duration) diabetic versus non-diabetic mice. The analysis of RNA sequencing data revealed that of 277 unique differentially expressed transcripts, 201 were up-regulated and 76 were down-regulated in the diabetic lumbar spinal cord. We also observed elevated expression of Snhg15 lncRNA in diabetic spinal cord. The in-depth data analysis revealed differential expression of lncRNAs involved in the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway (KEGG: mmu04151) as well as substantial differences in several biological processes such as developmental process, cell communication, anatomical structure development and multicellular organismal process. Our analysis verified the role of lncRNAs in mouse spinal cord during the progression of type 1 diabetes and confirmed molecular alternations in the spinal cord occurring in the course of diabetic neuropathy.