Data underlying the publication: Digital Patient Experience: Umbrella Systematic Review

<strong>Background:</strong>The adoption and use of technology have significantly changed health care delivery. Patient experience has become a significant factor in the entire spectrum of patient-centered health care delivery. Digital health facilitates further improvement and empowerment of patient experiences. Therefore, the design of digital health is served by insights into the barriers to and facilitators of digital patient experience (PEx).<strong>Objective:</strong>This study aimed to systematically review the influencing factors and design considerations of PEx in digital health from the literature and generate design guidelines for further improvement of PEx in digital health.<strong>Methods:</strong>We performed an umbrella systematic review following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) methodology. We searched Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases. Two rounds of small random sampling (20%) were independently reviewed by 2 reviewers who evaluated the eligibility of the articles against the selection criteria. Two-round interrater reliability was assessed using the Fleiss-Cohen coefficient (<em>k</em>1=0.88 and <em>k</em>2=0.80). Thematic analysis was applied to analyze the extracted data based on a small set of a priori categories.<strong>Results:</strong>The search yielded 173 records, of which 45 (26%) were selected for data analysis. Findings and conclusions showed a great diversity; most studies presented a set of themes (19/45, 42%) or descriptive information only (16/45, 36%). The digital PEx–related influencing factors were classified into 9 categories: patient capability, patient opportunity, patient motivation, intervention technology, intervention functionality, intervention interaction design, organizational environment, physical environment, and social environment. These can have three types of impacts: positive, negative, or double edged. We captured 4 design constructs (personalization, information, navigation, and visualization) and 3 design methods (human-centered or user-centered design, co-design or participatory design, and inclusive design) as design considerations.<strong>Conclusions:</strong>We propose the following definition for digital PEx: “Digital patient experience is the sum of all interactions affected by a patient’s behavioral determinants, framed by digital technologies, and shaped by organizational culture, that influence patient perceptions across the continuum of care channeling digital health.” In this study, we constructed a design and evaluation framework that contains 4 phases—define design, define evaluation, design ideation, and design evaluation—and 9 design guidelines to help digital health designers and developers address digital PEx throughout the entire design process. Finally, our review suggests 6 directions for future digital PEx–related research.

**背景：** 技术的普及与应用已极大改变了医疗服务供给模式，患者体验已成为贯穿以患者为中心的全流程医疗照护的核心考量因素。数字健康技术可进一步优化患者体验并赋予患者更多主动权，因此，针对数字患者体验（Digital Patient Experience, PEx）的阻碍因素与促进因素的相关认知，可为数字健康的设计提供支撑。**研究目的：** 本研究旨在系统梳理现有文献中数字健康领域数字患者体验的影响因素与设计考量，并提出可用于进一步优化数字健康场景下患者体验的设计指南。**研究方法：** 本研究遵循系统评价与元分析优先报告条目（Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, PRISMA）规范，开展伞状系统综述。我们检索了Scopus、PubMed及Web of Science数据库。由2名评审员独立开展两轮各抽取20%的小样本随机抽样评审，依据纳入排除标准对文献的合规性进行评估。采用弗莱伊斯-科恩系数（Fleiss-Cohen coefficient）评估两轮评审的组间信度，kappa值分别为0.88与0.80。基于预先设定的少量先验类别，采用主题分析法对提取的数据开展分析。**研究结果：** 本次检索共获取173条记录，最终筛选出45条（占比26%）用于数据分析。研究结果与结论显示相关研究异质性较强：多数研究仅呈现了一系列主题（19/45，42%）或仅包含描述性信息（16/45，36%）。与数字患者体验相关的影响因素可划分为9大类：患者能力、患者机遇、患者动机、干预技术、干预功能、干预交互设计、组织环境、实体环境及社会环境。上述因素可产生三类影响：正向影响、负向影响或双向影响。本研究提炼出4项设计维度（个性化、信息、导航与可视化）与3种设计方法（以人为本/以用户为中心的设计、协同设计/参与式设计及包容性设计）作为设计考量要点。**研究结论：** 我们提出数字患者体验的定义如下："数字患者体验是指所有受患者行为决定因素影响、由数字技术构建、并受组织文化塑造的交互活动的总和，这些交互活动会影响患者在贯穿数字健康照护全渠道中的感知体验。"本研究构建了一套包含四大阶段的设计与评估框架——定义设计、定义评估、设计构思与设计评估——以及9项设计指南，可帮助数字健康设计者与开发者在全设计流程中优化数字患者体验。最后，本综述为未来数字患者体验相关研究提出了6个发展方向。