马尾松造林区优良种源选择

该项目属林业应用科学研究， 采用统一实施方案， 对两次全分布区、三次局部种源试验、中间试验林的生长、干形、结实、病虫害和适应性等35项性状作田间观测， 对多年多点材料作方差、协方差、相关分析和稳定性、适应性分析， 为各造林区多性状综合评选优良种源15个， 9年生平均材积增产51%， 发现我国马尾松优良种源区集中于云开大山、南岭山地、大娄LU地及武夷山地。分析种源、林分和家系不同层次亲本及子代性状遗传变异， 发现种源变异>家系>林分。种源单性选择中， 材性选择分析27项木材构造、物理、化学性状、分析试点、种源和单株间遗传变异并估算遗传力， 初步查明管胞长度、壁腔比、晚材率和综纤维素含量等材性主要经济性状种源及个体遗传变异规律， 选出高州等4个优良种源 产脂选择分析13种松脂组分、产脂力差异， 选择临海等4个优良种源 抗虫选择据日本松干蚧虫害、寄主生长性状综合评选远安等5个抗虫种源， 发现虫口密度与种源树体枝干皮厚、全N、全P、咖啡酸等酚酸类物质及反石竹烯等萜烯类物质含量有关 抗寒选择据分布区北缘3省苗期冻害及电导率测定， 一致结论为种源抗寒力与原产地纬度有关。据5个代表性试点10项生长性状主分量、聚类分析结果， 将种源划分为3带8区， 更客观反映种源区生产力差异， 亦与种子区划相吻合。采用优良种源区种子造林已达141.9万公顷.建设的种子生产基地每年生产良种1万余公斤。

This project falls within the scope of forestry applied scientific research. Adopting a unified implementation protocol, we conducted field observations on 35 traits including growth, stem form, seed production, pest and disease incidence, and adaptability from two whole-distribution-range provenance trials, three local provenance trials, and intermediate test plantations. Variance, covariance, correlation analyses, as well as stability and adaptability analyses were performed on multi-site and multi-year experimental datasets. As a result, 15 superior provenances were comprehensively selected for multiple traits across various afforestation regions, with an average volume increment of 51% for 9-year-old stands. It was identified that the superior provenance regions of *Pinus massoniana* in China are concentrated in the Yunkai Mountains, Nanling Mountains, Dalou Mountainous Area, and Wuyi Mountainous Area.

We analyzed the genetic variation of parental and progeny traits at three hierarchical levels: provenances, stands, and families, and found that the magnitude of genetic variation follows the order: provenance > family > stand. For individual selection within provenances, 27 wood structural, physical and chemical traits were analyzed for wood property evaluation. Genetic variations among test sites, provenances and individual trees were analyzed, and heritability was estimated, preliminarily clarifying the genetic variation patterns of provenances and individuals for major economic wood property traits including tracheid length, wall-to-lumen ratio, latewood percentage and holocellulose content. Four superior provenances including Gaozhou were selected. For resin production selection, 13 pine resin components and differences in resin productivity were analyzed, and four superior provenances including Linhai were selected. For insect resistance selection, 5 insect-resistant provenances including Yuan’an were comprehensively selected based on the damage caused by *Matsucoccus matsumurae* and host growth traits. It was found that the insect population density is correlated with the bark thickness of tree trunks and branches, as well as the contents of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, phenolic acids such as caffeic acid, and terpenes such as trans-caryophyllene in the provenances. For cold resistance selection, based on seedling frost damage assessments and electrical conductivity measurements in three provinces at the northern edge of the species’ distribution range, a consistent conclusion was reached that the cold resistance of provenances is related to the latitude of their original habitats. Based on the results of principal component analysis and cluster analysis of 10 growth traits from 5 representative test sites, the provenances were divided into 3 zones and 8 regions, which more objectively reflects the differences in provenance productivity and is also consistent with the official seed zoning framework. Afforestation using seeds from superior provenance regions has accumulated to 1.419 million hectares. The established seed production base annually produces more than 10,000 kilograms of improved seeds.

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集涉及马尾松造林区优良种源的选择研究，通过多年多点材料的田间观测和遗传变异分析，评选出多个优良种源，并应用于大面积造林。数据集包含1996年的科学数据，以文本格式存储，完全公开共享，适用于植物学领域的研究。