Udmurt spatial cases dataset

This is the complete dataset used in my thesis he semantics of Udmurt spatial cases. The data is used to analyze the distinct senses (independent meanings) that the semantic structure of the cases consists of. It is V3.0 of Udmurt spatial cases dataset, and it is greatly extended compared to V2.0. The dataset contains an annotated set of examples on all spatial cases of Udmurt, that is inessive, elative, egressive, illative, terminative, prolative, and approximative. There are 500 examples of each case except for approximative, so the size of the complete dataset is 3100 examples. There is one file named [casename]_eng.csv.

For the V3.0 release the data analysis of the data has been checked and corrected where necessary, so the analyses do not always correspond to those in V2.0. The dataset is manually annotated for the following variables which are hypothesized to affect the senses of the cases:

SenseThe sense and contextual variant (in brackets) of the spatial case inflected word; categories as defined in Erkkilä (2026)

Conceptual domainThe conceptual domain to which the even is situated; categories as defined in Erkkilä (2026)

Whole LM phrase & translationThe phrase coding the Landmark (LM) and its literal translation

LMTranslation of the word expressing LM, except for relational nouns with a modifier, for which the modifier is translated.

LM word classThe word class of the word coding the LMADJ = adjectiveADV = adverbDMST = demonstrativeDVB = deverbal nounINDF = indefinitiveINTG = interrogativeNUM = numeralREL = relativizerRN-ADV = relational noun without a modifierRN-PP = relational noun with a modifierSUBS = noun

LM typeThe type of the thing functioning as the LMabstract = an abstract thingamount = an amountconcrete = a concrete (physical) thinginstitution = an institutiontemporal = a temporal thing

Functional dimensionsHow many functional dimensions does the LM have; 0 = a thing witohut dimensions (e.g., an abstract o temporal thing), 1–3 = the number of the funtional dimensions (this parameter should be used with caution, as the values have not been verified by native speakers)

Mass/multiplex entity, Plural & Possessive markingIs the LM a mass or multiplex entity, and does the word coding the LM have plural or possessive marking (the use of these parameters should be avoided, as the coding has not been consistent)

Whole verb phrase & translationThe verb phrase that the associated verb form is part of; in translation column EXT = existential predication (no verb), ATTR = deverbal noun (no verb)

Temporal referenceThe tense, modal, or non-finite marking of the verb phraseFUT = future tenseIRR (CND) = conditional moodIRR (IMP) = imperative moodIRR (NEC) = non-finite necessitative formIRR (NEG) = non-finite negative formIRR (OPT) = optative moodPL.PRF = pluperfect tensePRF = perfect tensePST = predicative past participlePST1 = 1st past tensePST2 = 2nd past tensePRS = present tense

NegationIs the verb phrase negated or not

Associated verb formThe translation of the associated verb form

FinitenessIs the associated verb form finite or notATTR.PST.PTCP = attributive past participleFIN = finiteINF = infinitiveLIM.CVB = converb of limitMOD.CVB = modal converbMOD.PTCP = modal participleNEG.PTCP = negative participleNMLZ = deverbal nounPCL = optative particlePRD.PST.PTCP = preddicative past participlePRS.PTCP = present participleSIM.CVB = converb of simultaneity

Aspect typeAspect type of the associateed verb form; categories as defined in Croft (2001)acquired statedirected activityincremental accomplishmentinherent stateirreversible achievementnonincremental accomplishmentreversible achievementsemelfactivetransitory stateundirected activity

Action typeType of the process the associated verb form expressesdirected non-translocational = directed action wihtout translocationdirected scalar = directed action along a scaledirected translocational motion = directed motion with a change of placedirected translocational non-motion = directed action (not motion) with a change of placenon-directional state = stateundirected non-translocational = action without a direction or motionundirected translocational motion = motion with change of place but without a clear directionundirected translocational non-motion = action (not motion) with change of place but without a clear directionunspecified non-translocational = motion without a change of place which can be understood contextually as directed or undirectedunspecified translocational motion = motion with a change of place which can be understood contextually as directed or undirected

Causation & Iterativity/continuativityDoes the associated verb form have a derivational suffix expressing the notion

BoundednessIs the event bounded; categories as defined in Depraeter (1995)beginningboundedendunbounded

In addition the following data can be found in the tables:- the corpus sentence in Udmurt in its original, but sometimes abbreviated form- a translation in English (the translations are not always idiomatic, and thus they shoukd not be used as anything else than to get a rough idea of what the Udmurt senstences mean)- the original source of the sentence as given in the corpus with the following abbreviations (the numbers give day, month, and/or year of the publication of the original source as given in the corpus)A = Aźlane (Häzmät)anekdotjos = Анекдотъёс (serem.ru)annushka = annushkazagumennova.blogspot.ru Анна ЗагумённоваApostoljos = Апостолъёслэн ужъёссы М. Г. Атаманов (берыктон)Arxipov = Кинъёс соос? (Трофим Архипов)Avdij = Авдий пророклэн книгаеза М. Г. Атаманов (берыктон)Avvakum = Аввакум пророклэн книгаез М. Г. Атаманов (берыктон)B_Wiki = Бесерманъёс WikipediaBN = Байгурезь (Новый путь)burdjos = burdjos.ru Мария Золотарёваchimali = chimali.ru (Ксения Ворончихина)chinkudi = chinkudi.blogspot.ru Ксения Евсееваchudja = chudja-zheni.ru (Евгений Бикузин)DI = Дом дружбы народов - ИворъёсDZ = Ӟечбур!Eksejlyk = Эксэйлыкъёслэн куинетӥ книгазы М. Г. Атаманов (берыктон)Ermolaev = Алексей Ермолаев. Известный и незнаемый А. А. Ермолаев, Н. Ермолаева (составитель) 1959–2009I = IdnakarI_Wiki = Иванова, Маргарита Григорьевна WikipediaIeremija = Иеремиялэн бӧрдонэз М. Г. Атаманов (берыктон)igonina = igoninamaria.ru Мария Игонинаinzhelka = inzhelka.tumblr.com Елизавета ШиховаIoann = Иоаннлэсь ӟеч ивор М. Г. Атаманов (берыктон)Ioann_usjtisjkon = Иоанн апостоллы усьтӥськон М. Г. Атаманов (берыктон)IU = IA "Udmurtija"Ja_Wiki = Яр ёрос WikipediaJashin = Гондыр но лудкеч (Даниил Яшин, Роза Яшина)Jozhev = Чылкыт сюлэмын Аттӥла ЙожефJu_Wiki = Юкаменск ёрос WikipediaK_Wiki = Киров карлэн историез Wikipediakepics = kepics.tumblr.com Ольга ИгнатьеваKM_Wiki = Кедра Митрей Wikipediakuala = kualaluly.ru Елена Ильинаkyshman = kyshman.blogspot.ru Ксения Кадроваkyshno = kyshnomurt.ruladamiri = ladamiri-lari.livejournal.com Лариса ДмитриеваLuka = Лукалэсь ӟеч ивор М. Г. Атаманов (берыктон)marjamoll = marjamoll.blogspot.ruMark = Марклэсь ӟеч ивор М. Г. Атаманов (берыктон)Matfej = Матфейлэсь ӟеч ивор М. Г. Атаманов (берыктон)MU = Mynam Udmurtijemuketulon = muketulon.tumblr.com Алина КрестьяниноваN_Wiki = Насибуллин, Риф Шакрисламович Wikipedianylkyshno = nylkyshnokenesh.blogspot.ru Удмурт нылкышно кенешO = OšmesOE = Ошмес (Эстониысь удмуртъёслэн газетсы)OR = Ошмес (Рассвет)Pavel_Efes = Павел апостоллэн Ефес карын улӥсьёслы ыстэм гожтэтэз М. Г. Атаманов (берыктон)Pavel_gozhtet = Павел апостоллэн Тимофейлы ыстэм кыкетӥ гожтэтэз М. Г. Атаманов (берыктон)Pavel_Korinf = Павел апостоллэн Коринф карын улӥсьёслы ыстэм кыкетӥ гожтэтэз М. Г. Атаманов (берыктон)Pavel_Rim = Павел апостоллэн Рим карын улӥсьёслы ыстэм гожтэтэз М. Г. Атаманов (берыктон)Pojarkova = Киям крезе, сюлмам - кырзанэ Т. А. Пояркова, Т. П. Четкарёваpushdun = pushdun.blogspot.ru (Миклай Михайлов)Raud = Сипсик Эно РаудSadikov = Р. Р. Садиков: Кисса гурт: вашкала но туала (гурт калыклэн историез но этнографиез)sanko = sankobatyr.blogspot.ruSh_Wiki = Шор ёросысь удмуртъёслэн дӥськутсы Wikipediashushynati = shushynati.ru Наталья МихайловаSP = Светлый путьSP_Wiki = Санкт-Петербург WikipediaTarasova = Пейзажной лирикаез азинтон удысын Гердлэн тыршемез (Ежегодник финно-угорских исследований, 2014, специальный выпуск) А. Н. Тарасоваtubat = tubat.blogspot.ru (Мария Турова)U_Wiki = Удмуртия WikipediaUD = Udmurt dunneudmurto = udmurto4ka.blogspot.ruUK = Удмурт элькунлэн Кун кенешезV_Wiki = Васильев, Флор Иванович Wikipediavamentul = vamentul.blogspot.ru (Наталья Образцова)Vanjushev = Герд улэ асьме пӧлын (Ежегодник финно-угорских исследований, 2014, специальный выпуск) В. М. ВанюшевVD = Vańmon dyrvorshud = Шкляев Александр vorshud.unatlib.ruvuflower = vuflower.blogspot.ru Лилия КондратьеваZ_Wiki = Завьял ёрос Wikipediazangarik = zangarik.ru (Ирина Зангарик)Zh_Wiki = Жириновский, Владимир Вольфович Wikipedia

A hyphen (-) in a cell means that the parameter is not applicable to the example in question.

The V3.0 release also includes the V1.0 and V2.0 releases. The V1.0 and V2.0 contain a dataset (the files wiht names starting Goal or Source) and accompanying R code (the files with names starting with R) for studying the variation between the two source cases (elative and egressive) and goal cases (illative and terminative). The data folder include four files including data for analysing the effect of properties of the Landmark and the associated verb form on the choice between the source and goal cases. The script folder contains four R markdown files, which contain the code to analyse the four data files.

The V2.0 dataset is annotated for various variables that are hypotethised to affect the choice between the pairs of cases. Not all the variables are used in the analysis presented. The variables area subset of the variables of V3.0, and they are coded differently. The correspondences in coding between V3.0 and V2.0 are as follows:

Temporal referenceFUT = FUTINF, IRR (CND), IRR (IMP), IRR (NEC), IRR (NEG), IRR (OPT) = IRRPL.PRF, PRF, PST, PST1, PST2 = PSTPRS = PRS

Aspect typeacquired state = sta_acqdirected activity = act_dirincremental accomplishment = acc_incinherent state = sta_inhirreversible achievement = ach_nrevnonincremental accomplishment = acc_nincreversible achievement = ach_revsemelfactive = ach_semtransitory state = sta_traundirected activity = act_ndir

Action typedirected non-translocational = dir_ntradirected scalar = dir_scadirected translocational motion = dir_tra_modirected translocational non-motion = dir_tra_nmonon-directional state = ndir_staundirected non-translocational = ndir_ntraundirected translocational motion = ndir_tra_moundirected translocational non-motion = ndir_tra_nmounspecified non-translocational = nsp_ntraunspecified translocational motion = nsp_tra_mo

Boundednessbeginning, unbounded = nend (with goal cases)bounded, end = end (with goal cases)beginning, bounded = start (with source cases)end, unbounded = nstart (with source cases)

In V2.0 (compared to V1.0) the R code is heavily changed. Only the code in files R_goal3 and R_source3 should be used in analysis. The data files are the same in both versions, but in V2.0 they have been checked and some minor mistakes have been fixed. Therefore, only the data files in the new version should be used if replicationg the analysis represented by the code in files R_goal3 and R_source3.

The author of this dataset is Riku Erkkilä and it is published under CC-BY-NC-ND licence. If used in a publication, please refer to this publication as well as mention the original source:

Arkhangelskiy, Timofey 2018: Udmurt corpus. http://udmurt.web-corpora.net/index.html.

The R packages used in the analysis are:Hothorn, Torsten; Hornik, Kurt; Strobl, Carolin & Zeileis, Achim 2023: Party 1.3-13. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=party.Wickham, Hadley 2023: Tidyverse 2.0.0. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=tidyverse.

The V2.0 dataset is used in the following publications:Erkkilä, Riku 2024: The interplay of conceptualization and case marking in the directional cases of Udmurt. Yearbook of the German cognitive linguistics association 12. https://doi.org/10.1515/gcla-2024-0006.

The V3.0 dataset is used in the following publications:Erkkilä, Riku 2026: The semantics of the Udmurt spatial cases. Helsinki: University of Helsinki.