This deposit contains the Python verification code accompanying the manuscript "Ensemble Cosmology: A Covariant Framework for Simultaneous Expansion and Collapse".

Abstract We present a variational framework for Ensemble Cosmology in which the observable universe is treated as one member of a finite collection of interacting Friedmann, Lemaˆ ıtre, Robertson, Walker (FLRW) universes. Each constituent universe is governed by its own Einstein–Hilbert action and therefore remains fully covariant under General Relativity. Collective dynamical variables, the Ensemble Scale Factor (geometric mean of the individual scale factors), the Ensemble Hubble Parameter, and a Shared Ensemble Time Coordinate, are introduced to describe the global evolution of the Ensemble. The interaction among Ensemble members is represented by an effective minisuperspace action defined on the homogeneous Shared Ensemble Time foliation; a complete four- or five-dimensional covariant completion of this interaction is left for future work. From the individual Einstein–Hilbert actions together with this effective minisuperspace interaction action we derive the Ensemble Friedmann, Continuity, and Acceleration equations. The resulting collective source terms are consistent with the contracted Bianchi identities and preserve conservation at the Ensemble level without modifying the local Einstein equations of any constituent universe. Cyclic behavior emerges as a collective property of the Ensemble. The formalism is valid for arbitrary finite Ensemble size. A geometrically motivated N = 12 reference model based on a cuboctahedral interaction graph is examined in detail. Observational implications involving the expansion history and high-redshift objects are briefly discussed. Keywords: Bianchi identities; cyclic cosmology; ensemble cosmology; FLRW cosmology; minisuperspace; multiverse; Randall–Sundrum Top of Form Bottom of Form