牛樟品種檢定與育林技術The studies on varieties test and silviculture techniques of Cinnamomum kanehirae

牛樟為台灣的闊一級木，近年因牛樟為高價牛樟芝的原木來源，造成牛樟資源短缺。牛樟造林苗木來源，多來自採穗園，採穗園母株的樹齡對穗苗生長及造林存活率頗有影響。林試所已經從前人造林檢定試區中，選拔生長表現佳的營養系建立組培苗與扦插苗生產體系，這些品系在組培生產及造林後生長頗有形態差異。因此建立這些優良組培營養系的品種檢定，有利產業投資造林的發展。另外，牛樟天然母樹調查中發現有些母樹易樹心腐朽產生牛樟芝，有些則木心完好，不易感染產生心腐。針對這些母樹進行採集芽體進行組織培養及扦插繁殖，作為提供易於生產牛樟芝品系及生產貴重木材品系的苗木履歷，有利於牛樟產業的發展。
完成牛樟營養系各部位精油與木酚素成分分析，品系與組織間含量差異很大。每年調查長嶺、日月潭、孝義、竹崎、六龜等5個採穗園牛樟之抽芽、性狀與生長。栽植4年成活率在日月潭最高92%，六龜與孝義為 74-77 %，竹崎為 54.5 %最差，乃由於竹崎栽植地會積水造成。日月潭苗圃牛樟苗於105年10月進行截幹，截幹後萌芽率高。評估106年日月潭苗圃平均每株牛樟可產生54支穗條，最佳營養系為N12與F5，可產生 91-92 支穗條。建立組織培養繁殖適樟芝生長及具優良材質之優良品系牛樟。利用繼代培養與低溫保存樟芝菌種。樟芝接種於不同牛樟營養系以菌種B，營養系 1,3,4,8 及大於 1.1 kg的段木比較適合樟芝生長。
Cinnamomum kanehirae is one of the broadleaf tree species with 1st class. The log is the source to cultivate valuable Androdia cinnamomea fruit. Biotech companies invested forestation of this trees to obtain logs sustainable. Plants for forestation came from rooted cuttings which qualities of survival and growth were affected by aging scion gardens. Tissue culture plants and scion gardens from them are the best materials for forestation. Morphological characters and performance in field test varied a lot. Biotech companies required identification of characters to verify these varieties for sure a good growth performance in the plantations they will establish. Furthermore we found wild trees have variation to resistant the infection of A. cinnamomea. This project try to propagate readily infected and health trees by tissue cultures and cuttings to support both industries of A. cinnamomea fruit and wood.
Chemical analysis of logs derived from a plantation was investigated. Investigating of 5 scion gardens, the plant grown at Sun-moon-lake nursery, Nanto Conty had highest survival rates. Plants grown at Sun-moon-lake nursery, average each plant could produce 54 cuttings per year. Androdia cinnamomea strains were maintained by using serial subcultures at room temperature or preserved at low temperature. To test the best combination of A. cinnamomea strains culturing in various weight of logs derived from different clones, strain B cultured with 1.1 kg logs of clone #1, 3, 4, and 8 gave the better growth.