Spinal cord injury

This pathway provides an overview of cell types, therapeutic targets, drugs, new proposed targets and pathways implicated in spinal cord injury. Spinal cord injury is a complex multistep process that involves the regulation of gene expression and signaling in motor neurons, oligodentrocytes, microglia, and astrocytes that trigger immediate immune responses lasting several weeks. Within 24 hours, chemoattractants and cytokines released from the site of injury activate neutrophils which further recruit B and T cells or recruit monocytes that ultimately result in infiltration and activation by microglia and macrophages. These immune responses result in inflammation, excitotoxicity, cell death, formation of glial scar, and suppression of axonal regeneration. An increase in the expression of cell cycle genes further results in proliferation of astrocytes and microglia that leads to apoptosis and necrosis of oligodentrocytes and neurons. An example therapy is the administration of the immunosuppressant FK506, also used in transplantation to offer neuroprotection.

本路径概述了细胞类型、治疗靶点、药物、新提出的目标以及与脊髓损伤相关的通路。脊髓损伤是一个复杂的多步骤过程，涉及运动神经元、少突胶质细胞、小胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞的基因表达和信号调节，这些调节触发持续的数周免疫反应。在受伤后24小时内，来自损伤部位的趋化因子和细胞因子激活中性粒细胞，进而募集B和T细胞或募集单核细胞，最终导致小胶质细胞和巨噬细胞的浸润和激活。这些免疫反应导致炎症、兴奋性毒性、细胞死亡、胶质瘢痕的形成以及轴突再生的抑制。细胞周期基因表达的升高进一步导致星形胶质细胞和小胶质细胞的增殖，进而引起少突胶质细胞和神经元的凋亡和坏死。一种治疗方法是给予免疫抑制剂FK506，该药物也用于移植以提供神经保护。

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集详细描述了脊髓损伤的生物学通路，包括涉及的细胞类型、治疗靶点、药物和病理生理过程。数据集还提供了相关治疗方法的例子，如免疫抑制剂FK506的神经保护作用。