Repeated fecal microbiota transplantations attenuate diarrhea and lead to sustained changes in the fecal microbiota in acute, refractory gastrointestinal graft-versus-host-disease

Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGvHD) is a serious complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). So far, there hasbeen no satisfactory improvement in patient survival with refractory GvHD. Loss of intestinal bacterial diversity in GvHD, both in murine models as well as in patients after allo-HSCT, was reported previously. Recent data suggest that alterations of microbial metabolites have direct salutary effects on GvHD target tissues. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) aims at restoration of a physiological microbiota by transferring normal fecal microorganisms to a patient's GI tract.