Data Availability Supplement for Gene Expression Data.xlsx

The 2−ΔΔCT method (Livak and Schmittgen, 2001) was used for
the quantification and normalization of mRNA for genes of interest relative to the geometric mean of four reference genes (β-actin; ACTB, β2-microglobulin, B2M; ribosomal protein S18, RPS18; and glyceraldehyde-3 phosphate dehydrogenase, GAPDH). The geometric mean of the reference genes was used as the stable reference point for each participant. Stability was analyzed within individual subjects using the NormFinder algorithm to ensure
that each subject was represented as an independent observation. If a reference gene for a given individual had a stability value of >0.15, it was removed from the analysis, and the geometric mean of the remaining reference genes was applied to the 2−ΔΔCT method.Although there are many related genes involved in the complex action of muscle growth and breakdown, specific genes were chosen based upon their relation with myogenic and proteolytic potential and previous methodological effectiveness in measurement. The genes of
interest related to myogenesis were myogenic differentiation 1 (MYO-D1), myogenin (MYO-G), the negative regulator myostatin (MSTN), myogenic factor 5 (MFY5), myogenic factor 6 (MYF6), myocyte enhancer factor 2a (MEF2a), ribosomal protein S3 (RPS3), and ribosomal protein L3-like (RPL3L). The genes of interest related to proteolysis were F-box protein 32 (FBXO32 (Atrogin-1)), forkhead box O3 (FOXO3a), and E3 ubiquitin ligase (TRIM63 (MURF1)).<br>