Durability assessment of ground granulated blast furnace slag-based CO₂ sequestered concrete

The emergence of CO₂ Sequestered Concrete (CSC) presents a promising avenue for mitigating net carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions in the cement–concrete industry, thereby addressing climate change. The study focuses on evaluating the durability and microstructural attributes of CSC formulations incorporating Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS) as a supplementary cementitious material. Enhanced CO₂ sequestration was achieved through carbonation during mixing, curing, or both. The GGBFS-based CSC specimens, subjected to comprehensive evaluations of sequestration efficiency, mechanical performance, durability, and microstructural characteristics, demonstrated a 20% CO₂ uptake, a 19.9% increase in strength attributed to microstructural refinement, and a 29.4% reduction in chloride penetration, indicative of enhanced corrosion resistance due to reduced pore connectivity. These findings underscore the viability of CSC integrated with GGBFS as a sustainable solution aligned with global initiatives aimed at achieving carbon neutrality C-CC concrete specimens exhibited the lowest chloride content at 207.2 mg/L.GGBFS-added binder was able to achieve a CO₂ uptake capacity of up to 20.04%.CO₂ sequestration increased Cl− ion resistance by 29.4% decrease in mobility.C-CC specimens had a non-steady state migration coefficient of 3.16 × 10⁻¹² m^2/s.The passage of charges reduced from 3516 to 1703 coulombs due to sequestration. C-CC concrete specimens exhibited the lowest chloride content at 207.2 mg/L. GGBFS-added binder was able to achieve a CO₂ uptake capacity of up to 20.04%. CO₂ sequestration increased Cl− ion resistance by 29.4% decrease in mobility. C-CC specimens had a non-steady state migration coefficient of 3.16 × 10⁻¹² m^2/s. The passage of charges reduced from 3516 to 1703 coulombs due to sequestration.