Yearly change in odds of transmitted drug resistance in generalized linear mixed regression models in geo-economic regions with and without ARV scale-up.

Three studies from North Africa and two studies from Australia were excluded. Latin America/Caribbean includes three studies from Caribbean countries.aFor each region, a generalized linear mixed model was used to assess the yearly change in the odds (OR) of TDR accounting for study heterogeneity using the R package lme4. The model included a categorical outcome variable indicating the presence or absence of TDR and two explanatory variables: years since scale-up (or the sample year) as a fixed-effect term and the study as a random-effect term.bYearly change in the odds of TDR since ARV scale-up in regions with national ARV scale-up programs and for each sample year in regions without national ARV scale-up; the number of individuals in each region (n) is indicated.Yearly change in odds of transmitted drug resistance in generalized linear mixed regression models in geo-economic regions with and without ARV scale-up.