中国荒漠植物资源调查与图鉴编撰

与森林、草地植物相比，对我国荒漠植物资源的种类、数量、地理分布及其利用现状等本底信息仍缺乏足够的了解，而且由于对荒漠植物资源的保护与管理工作起步较晚，种质资源流失现象较为严重。因此，对我国荒漠区植物资源现状的全面系统的清查已经成为当务之急。在国家科技基础条件平台专项和中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费等的支持下，中国林业科学研究院、甘肃省治沙研究所以及中国科学院植物研究所等一批长期从事沙漠科学与防沙治沙研究工作的科技人员，历时近10年，对我国主要荒漠植物资源种类、数量、分布情况等进行摸底调查，编撰了荒漠植物图鉴，建立荒漠植物资源信息库，实现荒漠植物信息数字化、网络化表达与共享服务，取得了丰硕成果。主要内容如下：l、清查了我国主要沙漠及其周边地区的植物种质资源，研究了植物区系特征 调查、收集主要荒漠植物植物群落特征、地理分布数据。结合标本采集、GPS定位、GPS轨迹记录和数码摄影，建立实物标本、数码照片、GPS定位的野外活体三重凭证体系，保障了调查数据的准确可靠和可追溯、可重访监测。2、编撰出版了《中国荒漠植物图鉴》，共收集主要荒漠维管束植物610种（含12变种），其中蕨类植物2种，裸予植物10种1变种，单子叶植物55种3变种，双子叶植物531种8变种，隶属76科291属。本图鉴采用彩色照片对不同荒漠植物的植株、枝、叶、花、果实、种子的形态特征及种群、群落和生境特征等进行了全面的展示，制作了地理分布地图，并用文字详尽描述了荒漠植物的形态结构、分布范围、适宜生境和利用价值等。3、采集了主要荒漠植物的标本，完成了数字化与共享服务。拍摄植物电子图片5.5万余张，采集腊叶标本2560余份。实现了5260份荒漠植物腊叶标本的标准化和信息化，实现了网络查询和信息共享服务功能。4、建立了中国荒漠植物调查监测与资源信息共享平台。野外调查数据可以方便地在线存储、计算GPS坐标、生成分布地图、访问物种信息、自动生成物种名录。为Android终端信息制作了电子书，可以安装在手机和平板电脑里，方便随身携带和现场应用。5、进行种质资源库建设。收集荒漠植物种质资源，扩大活体种质资源库规模，并进行了种质资源总体评价，编写了《干旱荒漠区植物引种驯化》书，对我国干旱荒漠区植物引种驯化的科学总结，荒漠植物种质资源的收集保存与可持续利用提供了参考。

Compared with forest and grassland plants, there is still insufficient understanding of the basic background information of desert plant resources in China, including their species, quantity, geographical distribution and current utilization status. Moreover, due to the late start of conservation and management work for desert plant resources, the loss of germplasm resources is relatively serious. Therefore, a comprehensive and systematic inventory of the current status of desert plant resources in China has become an urgent priority.

Supported by the National Science and Technology Basic Condition Platform Special Project and the Basic Scientific Research Operating Expenses of Central-level Public Welfare Scientific Research Institutes, a group of scientific and technological personnel who have long engaged in desert science and sand control research, including the Chinese Academy of Forestry, Gansu Desert Control Research Institute, and the Institute of Botany of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, conducted a baseline survey on the species, quantity and distribution of major desert plant resources in China over nearly 10 years. They compiled an atlas of desert plants, established a desert plant resource information database, realized digital, networked expression and shared services of desert plant information, and achieved fruitful results. The main contents are as follows:
1. Inventory of plant germplasm resources in major deserts and their surrounding areas in China, and research on plant floristic characteristics. The team investigated and collected the characteristics of major desert plant communities and geographical distribution data. Combined with specimen collection, GPS positioning, GPS track recording and digital photography, a triple voucher system of physical specimens, digital photos and GPS-positioned wild living individuals was established, ensuring the accuracy, reliability, traceability and revisitable monitoring of survey data.
2. Compiled and published *Atlas of Chinese Desert Plants*, which collected 610 species of major desert vascular plants (including 12 varieties), among which 2 species of ferns, 10 species and 1 variety of gymnosperms, 55 species and 3 varieties of monocots, and 531 species and 8 varieties of dicots, belonging to 76 families and 291 genera. This atlas uses color photos to comprehensively display the morphological characteristics of plants, branches, leaves, flowers, fruits and seeds of different desert plants, as well as the characteristics of populations, communities and habitats. It also created geographical distribution maps, and described in detail the morphological structure, distribution range, suitable habitats and utilization value of desert plants in text.
3. Collected specimens of major desert plants, and completed their digitization and shared services. More than 55,000 electronic photos of plants were taken, and more than 2,560 herbarium specimens were collected. Standardization and informatization of 5,260 desert plant herbarium specimens were realized, and the functions of online query and information sharing services were implemented.
4. Established the China Desert Plant Survey, Monitoring and Resource Information Sharing Platform. Field survey data can be conveniently stored online, GPS coordinates calculated, distribution maps generated, species information accessed, and species lists automatically generated. An e-book was made for Android terminal devices, which can be installed on mobile phones and tablet computers for easy portability and on-site application.
5. Conducted germplasm resource bank construction. Collected desert plant germplasm resources, expanded the scale of living germplasm resource banks, conducted overall evaluation of the collected germplasm resources, and compiled the monograph *Introduction and Domestication of Plants in Arid Desert Areas*, which is a scientific summary of plant introduction and domestication practices in arid desert areas of China, providing a reference for the collection, preservation and sustainable utilization of desert plant germplasm resources.

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集涵盖了中国主要荒漠植物资源的调查结果，包括610种维管束植物的详细信息，并编撰了《中国荒漠植物图鉴》，同时建立了数字化标本和共享平台，为荒漠植物资源的保护与利用提供了科学依据。