Spatial patterns of species-specific establishment threat

Spatial patterns of species-specific establishment threat under current, 2050s and 2070s climate scenarios for the 115 species considered in this study. The upright panel indicates the changes in species establishment threat expressed as the total suitable area (10⁶ km²). The middle panel represents the probability (%) of presence predicted by species distribution models (SDMs) at different time horizons. The lower panel represents the uncertainty in establishment threat expressed as the coefficient of variation of the occurrence probabilities among all projections. The color of species name corresponds to four groups clustered based on introduction pathways and species status. Darkorange: Current aquaculture species, Turquoise: Current ornamental species, Burlywood: Potential aquaculture species, Darkslategray: Potential ornamental species.