Gut Microbiome Dysregulation Drives Segmental Glomerulosclerosis in IgA Nephropathy: Insights from Oxford Classification-Based Microbiome Profiling

IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is a common immune-complex-mediated glomerulonephritis with segmental glomerulosclerosis (S lesion, S1 in Oxford classification) being an independent predictor of poor renal prognosis, where IgAN-S1 patients progress to end-stage renal disease, but its pathogenesis is unclear.This study enrolled 12 IgAN-S0 (without segmental sclerosis) and 19 IgAN-S1 (with segmental sclerosis) patients, performed 16S rRNA gene sequencing on fecal samples, and analyzed gut microbiota composition and functions.