Data and analysis files from: Oaxacan green dent maize is not from Oaxaca

“Oaxacan Green Dent” is a maize (Zea mays L.) cultivar marketed as an introduced Mexican heritage cultivar adapted to the higher latitudes of the USA. Its adaptation and appearance contradict an origin in Oaxaca, Mexico, however, and no indigenous cultivars in Oaxaca are known to have the unique kernel colors of Oaxacan Green Dent. We compared phenotypes and genotypes of Oaxacan Green Dent sampled from three different sources along with several Corn Belt cultivars and 15 landrace accessions collected from a wide range of geography, altitude, and cultural groups in Oaxaca. Multivariate analysis of 13 phenotypic traits measured in a field experiment suggested that Oaxacan Green Dent is more closely related to Corn Belt Dents than to Oaxacan cultivars. Genomic analysis from DNA sequencing demonstrated unambiguously that Oaxacan Green Dents are even more distantly related to Oaxacan cultivars than typical USA Corn Belt Dent cultivars are. Phenotypic, genetic, and historical data indicate th..., Germplasm
The term “cultivar” is used throughout the paper as a generic and neutral term to refer to open pollinated maize populations with distinct names. The genetic materials used in this study include open-pollinated maize populations that have been variously considered heirloom cultivars, heritage cultivars, farmer’s varieties, or landraces (Preston et al., 2011; Curry, 2022).
We obtained seeds of Oaxacan Green Dent from Seed Savers Exchange, Restoration Seed Company, and Sand Hills Preservation Center. Seeds used in the field experiment were directly from the seeds obtained from suppliers, except for the Seed Savers Exchange source, which was increased by controlled cross-pollination among 100 plants in the field (Woore et al., 2024). We also obtained seeds of five USA Corn Belt cultivars and 15 Oaxacan cultivars from the National Plant Germplasm System maize collection (Volk et al., 2023). The USA cultivars included two populations of Reids Yellow Dent and one population of Minne..., , # Data and analysis files from: Oaxacan green dent maize is not from Oaxaca

[https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.r7sqv9sp6](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.r7sqv9sp6)

## Description of the data and file structure

Plants sampled from Corn Belt, Oaxacan and 'Oaxacan Green Dent' populations were grown and measured in the field in North Carolina 2021 and also sequenced for comparison.

### Files and variables

#### File: OGD\_plot\_phenotypes.csv

**Description:** Flowering time data on Oaxacan Green field experiment, Clayton, NC 2021. NA values refer to missing data (not available).

##### Variables

* REP: Replication block
* PLOT: Plot number
* MATERIAL: Population/cultivar/accession name
* SEED_ID: Local seed source
* ENTRY: Population and seed source
* PLANTING_DATE: Planting date
* DELAY: Number of days planting delayed
* DTA: days from planting to anthesis
* DTS: days from planting to silk
* ASI: anthesis-silk interval (days)
* STAND: Number of plants in plot if 50% or less of target stan...,